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MARTYRS 



OF 



THE MUTINY; 



OR, 



TRIALS AND TRIUMPHS OF CHRISTIANS IN THE SEPOY 
REBELLION IN INDIA. 



:S^ 



BY THE 

REV. JOHN JENKINS; D.D. 






" The noble army of martyrs praise thee." 



PHILADELPHIA: 

^wsbgtenan ^wblixatiott Commrtfce, 

1334 CHESTNUT ST. 

New York : A. D. F. Randolph, 683 Broadway. 

Citieinnati: Wit. Scon... Detroit: F. Raymond... Cfticafl'o; W. Tomliksok- 

St. Louis : J. W. McIntyee. 

1860. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1860, by 

WILLIAM PURVES, Treasurer, 

in trust for the 

PRESBYTERIAN PUBLICATION COMMITTEE, 

in the Clerk's OflSce of the District Court of the United States for the 
Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 



STEREOTYPED BY L. JOHNSON & CO. 
PHILADELPHIA. 



^ 



^ 



NOTE BY THE COMPILEE. 

The materials of which this volume is 
composed are from many sources : the main 
obligation is to a small volume published in 
London by the Rev. Wm. Owen, entitled 
"Memorials of Martyrs in the Indian Re- 
bellion/' The "Martyr Missionaries" of Mr. 
Walsh has furnished the affecting details of 
the Futtegurh Massacre, and " Brock's Life 
of Havelock" of the occurrences at Cawn- 
pore. 



CONTENTS. 



Introduction 9 



CHAPTER I. 

The "Consecrated Cobbler" and the Witty Reviewer 
— Revival of Missions — What the "Consecrated 
Cobbler" lived to see — What we see in our Own 
Days — The Martyr-Spirit in India 15 

CHAPTER 11. 

Lessons and Encouragements, from the Sepoy Re- 
bellion — India before visited by the Consecrated 
Cobbler — India Sixty Years afterwards, and Now 
— Discouragements to the Missions from the Eng- 
lish Government — Constitution of the Army — 
Mohammedan Intrigue — The First Spark — The 
Fire spreading — Delhi — Statements of the Mis- 
sionaries — Instance of Apostasy 22 

1* 5 



b CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER III. 

FAQS 

The Mutineers at Delhi, and Slaughter of the Mis- 
sionaries and their Families — The Narrative of 
Walayat All 48 

CHAPTER IV. 
Outbreak at Meeroot — Account by Mr. Medland — 
The Catechist Joseph — His Danger and Con- 
stancy — Its Application to Ourselves — The Cha- 
racter of Joseph — Amritsar — The Narrative of 
•Ihuma and Hera, two native Christians — The 
Sikh Daoud 68 

CHAPTER V. 

The American Martyrs of Futteghur — Description 
of the Mission by Mr. Walsh — Devastations by 
the Mutineers — First Alarms — Threats of the 
Natives — The Spirit of the Martyrs — Shahjehan- 
pore Massacre — Departure for Cawnpore — Ter- 
rors by the way — Capture by the Sepoys — Death 94 

CHAPTER VI. 
Cawnpore — Treachery of Nena Sahib — Gallant De- 
fence of the Garrison — The "Well of Cawnpore" 
— Frightful Scenes — Letters of Rose M 110 



CONTENTS, 7 

CHAPTER VII. 

PAQS 

The Mission in the Jungle — Gorruckpoor — Indian 
Blossoms — The Protection of the Government 
withdrawn — The English Residents leave the 
Town — Farewell of the Missionary to the Native 
Christians — Trials of Native Christians — Happy 
Reunion — Allahabad — Revolt of the Sepoys — 
Murder of Officers and Europeans — Treatment 
of Native Christians — Gopee Nauth Nundy — 
Another Hindoo Convert 142 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Agra — The Description by the Converted Brahmin, 
Dwarkanath Lahoree — Another — The Profession 
of Christ during the Mutiny by a Brahmin and 
Mohammedan Woman — Thakur Das — The Ladies 
at Lucknow, Mrs. Orr and Miss Jackson — Seal- 
cote and the Rev. Mr. Hunter — Death of the 
Rev. E. H. Cockey 204 

Conclusion , 226 



INTRODUCTION. 



Doubt has been both felt and expressed 
whether the religion of the present time has 
not degenerated from that height of courage 
and of hope which it reached in the martyr- 
ages of the Church. The following me- 
morial of what modern Christianity has 
enabled some of its professors to endure 
for the "Master's" name will satisfy the 
reader that in the day in which he lives 
the world is not wholly destitute of the 
noblest type of a living Christianity. 

It has been widely questioned in Chris- 
tian lands whether the religion of the con- 
verts who have been gathered into the 
Church from among the heathen is of that 



10 INTEODUCTION. 

true character whicli is possessed by those 
who from early life have been trained in 
the midst of Christian privileges. Indeed, 
mistrust, if not contempt, has character- 
ized the opinions which have been ex- 
pressed respecting those who through the 
instrumentality of our missionaries have 
been ^Hurned from idols to serve the living 
and true God." A perusal of the narra- 
tive which follows will convince any reason- 
able mind that the religion of at least some 
heathen converts has survived the severest 
test to which any man's principles ever 
have been or can be submitted. 

There are few calamities which have not, 
in the providence of God, a bright side. 
>The proof which the late mutiny in Hin- 
dostan supplies of the genuineness of the 
convictions and hopes of Hindoo Christians, 
is the mitigating circumstance in that ter- 
rible disaster. No Christian can fail to 



INTEODUCTION. 11 

rejoice in view of the grace and courage 
which are so graphically depicted in this 
volume. May it not be hoped that the 
faithfulness and patience of native converts 
in India will both remove those groundless 
objections to foreign missionary labor which 
have more or less prevailed in all our con- 
gregations; and quicken Christians generally 
in the commanded work of '^preaching to 
every creature" the '^glorious gospel of the 
blessed God"? 

Difficult it necessarily is for those who 
have not resided in India to appreciate the 
hold which the Christian religion must have 
taken upon the minds and consciences of this 
Hindoo detachment of the "noble army of 
martyrs." With me, this narrative, and 
that of the martyrs of Madagascar, has done 
more than aught else, but the promise and 
covenant of God, to produce confidence in 
modern missionary labors among the hea- 



12 - INTEODUCTION* 

then. If the feeble and insufficient efforts 
in India of the churches of Christ have se- 
cured results which parallel the martyr 
consecration of the primitive Christian age 
and of the age of the Reformation, what 
may we not hope in relation to the millions 
of idolaters and Mohammedans who people 
that continent, when the Christian world 
shall have awakened to an appreciation of 
its full responsibility? 

This volume is commended to the atten- 
tion of Christians generally, as calculated to 
augment their piety and zeal in the service 
of Christ. These simple, heart-stirring nar- 
ratives will not be read and considered 
without leading to earnest self-examination 
as to the basis of our own personal hopes. 

To the guardians of young people, whether 
parents, Sunday-school superintendents, or 
teachers of Bible-classes, ^'The Martyrs of 
the Mutiny" is recommended as especially 



INTRODUCTION. 13 

worthy of their attention. In a day when 
feeble and trashy literature finds its way 
into Christian families and is sought with 
avidity by even those who avail themselves 
of the privilege of Sabbath-school libraries, 
(not always without success !) it is a great 
gain to the cause of moral and religious 
education when a book at once popular and 
instructive is "thrown into the market." 

A great lack in all our churches (may 
we not say, the chief lack ?) is the true mar- 
tyr-spirit, — the spirit of Him who eighteen 
hundred years ago laid down his life for us, 
— the spirit of the apostles of Jesus, who 
followed the martyr-steps of their Mastei', 
— the spirit which on Alpine slopes and in 
Waldensian homes nerved men and women 
to achieve similar victories by testifying to 
the death against error. The Church, we 
say, lacks this spirit of courage and self- 
denial ; and she must receive it in answer to 

2 



14 INTEODUCTION. 

prayer, and by dint of practice, ere slie wins 
those conquests to which the providence 
and the word of God call her. The world 
seems ready to yield itself to the control of 
Christian truth; the Church holds back 
from that self-denial and courage without 
which the last grand struggle between 
truth and error can never be successfully 
carried on. 

May we not hope that this voice from 
the plains of Hindostan will awaken in 
some hearts, at least, the martyr-spirit? 

J. J. 

Calvary Church, 
Philadelphia, Feb. 13, 1860. 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 



CHAPTEE I. 



The "Consecrated Cobbler" and the Witty Reviewer — 
Revival of Missions — What the "Consecrated Cob- 
bler" lived to see — What we see in our Own Days — 
The Martyr Spirit in India. 

More than sixty years ago, a journeyman 
shoemaker dwelt in the village of Hackleton, 
a few miles from Northampton, in England. 
For a '^cobbler," the conduct of this man 
was certainly very odd. A sister who lived 
with him noticed that he often stood mo- 
tionless for an hour or more in the middle 
of the path of his garden, thinking on some 
newly- contemplated project. '' If we join him 
in his evening hours, we shall find him 
reading the Bible in one or other of four 
different languages with which he has 

15 



16 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

already made himself familiar; or, if we 
follow him into his school, we shall dis- 
cover him with a large leather globe of his 
own construction, pointing out to the village 
urchins the different kingdoms of the earth, 
saying, 'These are Christians; these are 
Mohammedans ; and 'these are pagans — 
and these are pagans f — ^his voice stopped 
by strong emotions, as he repeats and re- 
repeats the last mournful utterance." This 
man was Carey, — the father of modern 
missions, the chosen instrument of God to 
awaken the sleeping professors of Chris- 
tianity to a sense of their responsibility. 
The deep and ardent thinking of the great 
''cobbler" (no nobler name can we bestow 
on him) gave birth to the "Baptist Mission 
Society." He succeeded in forming a small 
society, at Kettering, on the 2d of Octo- 
ber, 1792, and at the first meeting collected 
sixty-two dollars, — the nucleus of that vast 
machinery of missions which now extends 
to almost every clime and tongue. 

"Carey sailed to India in 1793. Driven 
by the jealousy of the East-India Company" 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 17 

— to their eternal sliame be it spoken — 
''out of an English, ship in which he was 
about to sail; he took passage in a Danish 
vessel, and chose a Danish settlement in 
India for his residence." One man, un- 
appalled at the prospect, had set out to 
convert one hundred and thirty millions of 
immortal beings. 

When we consider the apparent insigni- 
ficancy of the man and the means, we can 
scarcely wonder that the witty and elegant 
Sydney Smith should have laughed and won- 
dered at such an insane scheme, — though we 
cannot help feeling a meed of contempt that 
a professedly Christian minister should have 
stooped to dip his pen in the vinegar of 
satire, in order to ridicule an undertaking 
at once so Christian, unselfish, and noble. 
In the '^ Edinburgh Eeview," of April, 
1808, the following appeared, in the well- 
known style of the sarcastic but irreverent 
parson : — 

''The first number of the 'Anabaptist 
Missions' informs us that the origin of the 
society will be found in the ivorhings of 

2* 



18 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

Brother Carey s mind, whose heart appears 
to have been set ztpon the conversion of the 
heathen in 1786, before he came to reside 
at Moulton. These workings produced a 
sermon at ITortliampton, and tlie sermon a 
subscription, to convert four hundred and 
twenty millions of pagans. Of the sub- 
scription we have the following account : — 
'Information is come from Brother Carey 
that a gentleman from Northumberland had 
promised to send him twenty pounds for the 
society and to subscribe four guineas an- 
nually. At this meeting at Northampton, 
two other friends subscribed and paid two 
guineas apiece, two more, one guinea each, 
and another, half a guinea, — making six 
guineas and a half in all.' " 

This the reverend wit presented as part 
of a '' perilous heap of trash," while exe- 
cuting his chosen office of '^ routing out a 
nest of consecrated cobblers." ''Why," adds 
he, — "why are we to send out little detach- 
ments of maniacs to spread over the finest 
regions of the world the most unjust and 
contemptible opinion of the gospel? Let 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 19 

any man read the 'Anabaptist Missions.' 
Can lie do so without deeming such men 
pernicious and extravagant in their own 
country, and without feeling that they are 
benefitting us much more by their absence 
than the Hindoos by their advice?" 

That '^ Consecrated Cobbler" lived till from 
the press which he established at Serampore 
there had issued two hundred and twelve 
thousand copies of the Bible, in forty different 
languages, — the vernacular tongues of three 
hundred and eighty millions of immortal 
beings, — and until he had seen expended 
upon the noble object, on behalf of which 
the first small ofi'ering at Kettering was 
presented, no less a sum than four hundred 
and sixty thousand dollars! And thank 
God that in our own day w^e live to see 
the efi'ects of the work of those '^ little de- 
tachments of maniacs;" to see the gospel 
flourishing in every part of the earth; to 
see that church, of which the witty reviewer 
was an outwardly-consecrated minister, fore- 
most in the propagation of foreign missions, 
and to see in the triumphs of Hindoo Chris- 



20 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

tian martyrs tlie power and efficacy of the 
gospel of Christ. 

In the course of the recent rebellion in 
Inclia^ the eifect of missionary labor among 
the heathen was more strongly brought to 
light than ever before. The histor}^ of the 
martyrs of the Christian church affords noble 
examples of the victories of faith ; but seldom 
— not even in the bloody massacres of Ma- 
dagascar — has the Christian light shone more 
brightly, or the Christian faith been more 
triumphant, than in the terrible trials of 
the Sepoy rebellion. The loss of life was 
but a small matter, compared with the fear- 
ful tortures of mind and body, the dreadful 
dishonor and outrage, to which those Chris- 
tian martyrs, both Hindoo, Americiin, and 
European, were exposed. And yet, though 
surrounded by millions of raging foes, 
though threatened with the most terrible 
sufferings, or proffered the boon of life for 
the denial of their religion, but few, very 
few, of the bands of Christians in India 
were unstable in the faith. While those 
who had been brought up in the way of 



MAETYE3 OF THE MUTINY. 21 

holiness in their childhood exhibited the 
undaunted spirit of their race and religion, 
the despised Hindoo, but lately converted 
to Christianity, — till within a few months, 
or, at most, years, an idolatrous pagan, — 
showed a no less Christian spirit and was 
no less ready to die for the religion of the 
gospel. 

To read the history of their heroic en- 
durance and martyr death may serve to 
confirm and encourage the faith of those 
who, more favorec^ than they, live in a land 
of safety and peace, — where every man 
dwelleth '^ under his ov;n vine and fig-tree, 
no man daring to make him afraid." 



22 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 



CHAPTEE 11. 

Lessons and Encouragements from the Sepoy Rebellion 
— India before visited by tlie Consecrated Cobbler — 
India Sixty Years afterwards, and Now — Discourage- 
ments to the Missions from the English Government 
— Constitution of the Army — Mohammedan Intrigue 
— The First Spark — The Fire spreading — Delhi — 
Statements of the Missionaries — Instance of Apostasy. 

The great ''Sepoy Bebellion" in India 
seems to have been intended, in the pro- 
vidence of God; for a lesson to the Christians 
of the world. It not only proved to England, 
and to the great Company which had go- 
verned India for over a century, that He 
who holds the nations in his hand will not 
suffer those who are blessed with the light 
of his gospel to lie indolently still while 
their brethren are perishing, or to truckle 
to the pagan belief of those people who have 
been by him committed to their care. It 
also proved to Christians of every land 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 23 

that their labors and expenditures had not 
been in vain, and that the gospel planted 
in that dark and heathen soil had been rich 
in precious fruits. We shudder as we read 
the mournful story of the sufferings and fate 
of the Christian martyrs who perished in 
that mutiny; but our sadness is turned into 
joy, and our sorrow into thanksgiving, when 
we learn their glorious end. 

It may be well here to give a picture of 
the state of India before Carey had carried 
thither the precious seed, and when Chris- 
tians were yet careless of the heathen's fate. 
It is thus depicted in the last Eeport of the 
Baptist Missionary Society of London : — 

'^When Carey first pondered over the 
religious condition of the heathen world, 
idolatry reigned throughout India, only 
here and there limited in its sway by the 
hostile monotheism of the prophet of Mecca. 
With the exception of six or seven most 
estimable Danish and German missionaries 
in the Peninsula, Hindostan was one wide 
desert of frightful spiritual desolation. The 
missionary of the cross was nowhere to be 



24 MART YES OF THE MUTINY. 

met witli in all Northern India. The word 
of God was altogether unknown, and but 
the rarest facilities existed for the acquire- 
ment of the vernacular languages of the 
country. Caste bound the people with an 
unbroken chain. The priesthood dominated 
over every class of society. The Sudra was 
the slave of the Brahmin. Legal or social 
rights there were none but for the twice- 
born. The cruellest and vilest rites were 
practised in the temples and at the festivals 
of the gods. Infanticide abounded. A thou- 
sand widows were annually burned on the pyre 
of their husbands in Bengal alone. Slavery 
existed in many parts of the country. The 
ravages of the Mahrattas and the Pindarries 
had scarcely ceased with the establishment 
of the British power, and not without leav- 
ing behind them fearful traces of their 
wasting inroads in ruined cities, pillaged 
homesteads, and j ungle-covered fields. Eoads 
there were none. The country was fast fall- 
ing into utter barbarism. Letters had well- 
nigh ceased to be cultivated. What learn- 
ing there was was the property of the 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 25 

pundits, (the scribes of the East;) and the 
sacred books were carefully excluded from 
the eye of the common people. 

'^On the suppression of internal strife, 
the overthrow of the empire of the Moslem, 
and the rise of the English dominion, idol- 
worship enjoyed a revival. The occasion 
favored it. The temples were again thronged. 
The places of pilgrimage, made safely access- 
ible by the introduction of order and law, 
were visited by multitudes, and the horrors 
of Juggernath were repeated at G-ya, Be- 
nares, Allahabad, and Hurdwar. Yogis and 
faquirs roamed the country in large bands, 
voraciously feeding upon the possessions of 
the poor and committing unmentionable 
atrocities. English authority had even 
become a party to the maintenance and 
extension of this system of evil. Alienated 
lands were restored. The endowments of 
mosques and temples were carefully hus- 
banded and placed under the care of the 
fiscal ofiicers of the state. Temples were 
built and repaired by funds supplied from 
the state treasuries. Roads to sacred places 



26 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

were made, the pilgrims taxed, and tlie 
revenues of tlie country profited by the 
superstitions of the people. Schools there 
were none, except for the study of the 
Koran and Shastre (the sacred books of 
the Mohammedan and the Hindoo) or for 
the purpose of imparting to the trading- 
classes the merest rudiments of writing and 
arithmetic. The people literally perished 
for lack of knowled2;e." 

Let us glance at another picture. In 
1852, — sixty years after the ^^detachments 
of maniacs" had assaulted India, — the Rev. 
Joseph Mullins, of Calcutta, who published 
most valuable statistics of the ''Besults of 
Missionary Labor in India," makes the fol- 
lowing statement regarding the position of 
missions : — 

''The Native Christian Churches in 
India, established by missionaries, now 
amount to three hundred and thirty- 
one. Some of these contain numerous mem- 
bers ; but the great majority have but a few. 
It must be remembered that the standard 
of admission into these little societies is not 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 27 

everywhere the same. Some missionaries 
admit members only lapon good evidence of 
their conversion, arising from competent 
knowledge and consistency of Christian 
conduct. Others require merely a certain 
amount of knowledge in their communicants, 
and the absence of great inconsistencies. By 
some the communion of the Lord's Supper 
is considered a church-privilege, to be en- 
joyed only by those who can appreciate it. 
By others it is counted a means of grace 
which shall fit men for understanding its 
ends. The number of members admitted on 
the higher standard is five thousand four 
hundred; of those on the lower, thirteen 
thousand. The care of these infant churches 
constitutes one of the missionary's hardest 
trials. While it is a matter of thankfulness 
and joy to see their members forsaking 
idolatry, seeking the true salvation, and 
attending regularly the means of grace, their 
defects, their backslidings, and the grievous 
falls into sin Avhich sometimes occur, prove 
how imperfect their character is, and give 
them many a bitter hour. It is scarcely 



28 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

just to look for any liigli general develop- 
ment of Cliristian excellence amidst the 
dense lieatlienism of India, and amidst a 
people as low in moral goodness as any in 
the earth. The evil may be accounted for : 
how to devise a remedy is more difficult. 
Careful pastoral superintendence and in- 
struction, raising the standard of admission 
into the body of communicants and mem- 
bers, and the faithful administration of 
Scripture discipline, may, under the divine 
blessing, tend to the elevation of native 
Christians, and by degrees diminish the 
evils which prevail among them. 

*' Connected with the native churches is a 
body of individuals cut off entirely from the 
ojreat communities of Hindoos and Mussul- 
mans. It includes not only the families of 
native Christians, but of many others who 
have cast off the restraints of heathenism 
and placed themselves under the influence 
of the gospel. Though but nominally Chris- 
tian, they are all under regular Christian 
instruction; the children especially are 
cared for in schools; and, under the bless- 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 29 

ing of God, mucli good may be effected 
among them in the future." 

^'At the commencement of the year 1852, 
there were laboring throughout India and 
Ceylon, — 

The agents of 22 MissionarySocieties. 

These include 443 Missionaries; 

of whom 48 are ordained Na- 

tives ; 
together with 698 Native Catechists. 
These agents reside at 313 Missionary Stations. 
There have been founded 331 Native Churches, 
containing 18,410 Communicants, 
in a community of 112,191 Native Christians. 
The Missionaries maintain 1,347 Vernacular Day- 
schools, 
containing 47,504 boys ; 
together with 93 Boarding-schools, 

containing 2,414 Christian boys. 
" They also superintend 126 superior English 

Day-schools, 
and instruct therein 14,562 boys and young 

men. 
Female education embraces 347 Day-schools for 

girls, 
containing 11,519 Scholars ; 
but hopes more from its 102 Girls' Boarding- 

schools, 
containing 2,779 Christian girls. 



30 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

Tliese figures become more impressive, 
wlien we reflect that they represent the 
germs of future results. It is now the seed- 
time; the harvest is yet to come. These 
infant churches are starting-points of Chris- 
tianity in the nations of India. That which 
has been done is only the groundwork of 
results to be achieved. 

"The Bible has been wholly translated 
into ten languages, and the New Testament 
inio five others, not reckoning the Serampore 
versions. In these ten languages, a con- 
siderable Christian literature has been pro- 
duced, including from twenty to fifty, and 
even seventy, tracts, suitable for distribution 
amonor Hindoos and Mussulmans. Mission- 
aries have also established and now maintain 
twenty-five VRTETT^Gr-estahlishvients. While 
preaching the gospel regularly in numerous 
tongues in India, they maintain English 
SEEVICES in seventy-one chapels for the edi- 
fication of our own countrymen. The total 
cost of this vast missionary agency during 
the year 1851 amounted to one hundeed 
AND ninety thousand POUNDS, (nine hun- 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 31 

dred and fifty thousand dollars,) of wliich 
thirty-tliree thousand five hundred pounds 
were contributed in this country, not by the 
native Christian community, but by Euro- 
peans. A few comments on these expressive 
facts may put them in a clear light. 

''The various Missionary Societies from 
which these eff'orts spring are twenty-two 
in number. Besides the great missionary 
societies of England, the Established and 
Free Church of Scotland's missions, and the 
American Board, they include the American 
Presbyterian Church ; the American Baptist 
Missions ; six societies in Germany, of which 
the society at Basle ranks first in its amount 
of agency; the General Baptist Society; the 
Irish Presbyterian Church, and others. To 
these we must add the six Bible and Tract 
Societies of England and America. It is a 
most gratifying fact that, notwithstanding 
the numerous and sometimes bitter contro- 
versies which occur among Christians of the 
Western world, their missionary messengers 
in the East Indies exhibit a very large 
amount of practical and efiicient Christian 



32 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

union. While occupying stations apart from 
each other, and thus avoiding occasion of 
mutual interference with each others' plans, 
in numberless instances the laborers of dif- 
ferent societies cultivate each others' ac- 
quaintance and preach together to the hea- 
then. Almost all use the same versions of 
the Bible; and the Christian tracts and 
books written by one missionary become the 
common property of all others. At Calcutta, 
Madras, and Bombay, the missionaries of all 
societies are accustomed to meet monthly for 
mutual conference and united prayer. In 
these meetings, all general questions relating 
to the more efficient conduct of mission- 
ary operations, to common chfficulties and 
common success, are brought forward and 
discussed; while frequent occasions are fur- 
nished in j)i'iYate for cultivating personal 
friendships of the closest kind. Of the ex- 
ceeding value of such union, as well as of 
its duty, scarcely too high an estimate can 
be made." 

The same report which gave such a 
terrible picture of the state of India in 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 33 

Carey's time thus eloquently exhibits the 
astonishing changes which Christianity has 
wrought : — 

'^NoAV, from the lone wanderer in the Sun- 
derbunds of Bengal and the six or seven 
faithful men on the coast of Tranquebar, the 
missionary band has multiplied to nearly 
five hundred missionaries, the chosen mes- 
sengers of Christ from all the churches of 
Christendom. Seven hundred converts assist 
them in preaching Christ crucified and in 
distributing the bread of life to their perish- 
ing fellow-countrymen. In lands where only 
the revelry of idol-worship, or the hoarse 
fanaticism of the followers of the false pro- 
phet, insulted the God of heaven, there now 
gather around the table of the Lord some 
twenty thousand persons, who have learned 
to sing the songs of Zion. A hundred thou- 
sand more are released from the chains of 
caste, and worship at the footstool of the 
Most High; and as many more stand per- 
fected before the throne of God and the 
Lamb. The jungles of Burmah, too, have 
given to Christ's church an accession of 



34 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

many thousand souls, their conversion almost 
answering the prophet's question, ' Shall a 
nation be born at once?' Within the circuit 
of the British empire in the East, the ex- 
istence of more than four hundred Christian 
churches testifies that his servants have not 
labored in vain. 

^' Besides this brief summary of work done, 
it must not be forgotten that the mission- 
aries have traversed the country in all direc- 
tions, and have communicated to myriads 
some knowledge of the way of salvation. 
Moreover, they rejoice in the prevalence of 
the impression on the minds of the popula- 
tion generally that the reign of Hindooism 
is drawing to a close. The festivals of the 
gods are celebrated with less pomp and cir- 
cumstance, pilgrimage is on the decrease, 
fewer temples are annually erected. Brahmins 
complain of the diminution of their gains, 
devotees have diminished in number and are 
held in less esteem, and indecencies are to 
a great degree withdrawn to the dark pre- 
cincts of the temple-courts, — especially in 
localities where Europeans reside. Nowhere 



MAETYKS OF THE MUTINY. 35 

is idolatry so defiant as it was in the early- 
days of evangelic toil. Evidence yearly 
accumulates to establish, the fact that num- 
bers serve the Lord of Hosts in secret, 
whom fear, or other motives, at present re- 
strain from the confession of it. In some 
places there have appeared popular move- 
ments in favor of Christianity, which may 
fairly be regarded as only preliminary to a 
wider acceptance of the gospel. vSuch have 
been the movements in the villages south 
of Calcutta, in the districts of Jessore, Ba- 
risaul, and Krishnaghur, among the Shanars 
of Southern India, and the indigenous in- 
habitants of the hills of Chota Nagpore. If 
some with little knowledge have cast off 
the trammels of heathenism, yet is there a 
blessing even in the lowest measure of de- 
parture from the abominations and supersti- 
tions of the land; others, in considerable 
numbers, have vindicated their claim to be 
regarded as genuine converts to the gospel 
of Christ. 

''The missionaries have wielded the power 
of the press with the most important results. 



36 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

They were the first to apply it to the pre- 
paration and issue of books in the lan2;uaa;e 
of the common people. By them the ver- 
naculars have been cultivated and elevated 
from a rude patois into forms fitted for the 
expression of the highest truths. The word 
of God has been translated, in whole or in 
part, into the principal dialects of the 
country. The rude inhabitants of the hills 
have had their native tongue reduced to 
writing, and portions of the Scriptures and 
other books prepared for their instruction. 
Upwards of two millions of parts or volumes 
of the sacred writings of our faith have 
issued from the mission-presses. The learned 
pundits of the country have received, nearly 
complete, the whole Bible in the Sanscrit 
tongue, from the diligent and arduous studies 
of Carey, Yates, and Wenger. Four volumes 
of. this great work and noble monument of 
missionary learning have already left the 
press ; and the present year will, it is hoped, 
witness its completion. Tracts in uncounted 
numbers have spread through the length 
and breadth of the land the good tidings of 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 37 

peace; and several millions of school-books 
have contributed *to the instruction and en- 
lightenment of the present generation. 

^'In all this we have results actually 
gained. They are the direct product of 
missionary exertion. They are incontestable 
evidences that the Lord's servants have not 
labored in vain. Changes to be presently 
referred to may, or may not, be owing to 
the same diligent workmanship: the facts 
given above are indubitable proofs of God's 
approval of the w^ell-directed labors of the 
missionary band. But for their sanctified 
exertions, these facts would have had no ex- 
istence. They are the first-fruits unto God 
of the consecration of his church in these 
latter days to the extension of his praise; 
and to him shall be the glory. His blessing 
puts to shame the scofi's of adversaries." 

Although the missionary work was thus 
progressing in India, it is well known that 
the policy of the Government had been op- 
posed to the preaching of Christianity, while 
the religions of the country — Mohammed- 
anism and Brahminism — were upheld by the 

4 



38 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

soldiers of a Cliristian power and by the 
revenues of a Christian people. Magnificent 
as was the conquest and glorious as were 
the deeds which won India, they are thrown 
into the deepest shade by the fact that Eng- 
land's power assisted in maintaining the re- 
ligion of pagans and Mohammedans. Terri- 
ble was the retribution which fell upon the 
faithless nation, and dreadful the warning 
which roused them from their lethargy. 

The native army of India originated with 
Lord Clive, in 1757. In the month of Janu- 
ary of that year, the first battalion of Ben- 
gal Sepoys was raised, and officered from 
the En2;li.sh forces. The officers consisted 
of a European captain, lieutenant, and en- 
sign. The other officers were generally na- 
tives. The army of the Bengal Presidency, 
— in which the mutiny occurred, — espe- 
cially, was composed of Brahmins and Mo- 
hammedans, the former predominating. The 
Brahmin Sepoy, uniting often the duties of the 
soldier and the priest, and retaining all the 
hausrhtiness of his race, demanded comforts 
and privileges allowed to the soldiers of 




Sepoys in nniform. 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 39 

no other army in the world. These, unfor- 
tunately, the Indian Government too readily 
conceded. He was treated as on a par with 
the European soldiery, was permitted fre- 
quent furloughs to visit his home or the 
shrines of his deities, and received decora- 
tions of honour for distinguished services. 

But the Sepoy unfaithfulness is most to 
be ascribed to Mohammedan intrigue. It 
is knoAvn to every one acquainted with In- 
dian society that the Mussulman portion of 
the people have very generally exhibited an 
impatience of British control. These men 
were ever unscrupulous in the use of means 
to gratify their ambition, and taught from 
infancy to tell lies, on principle, for the fur- 
therance of their religion. 

It was natural that, placed side by side 
as fellow-soldiers, and often fighting together 
against a common foe, the Mohammedans and 
Brahmins, who had before looked upon each 
other as dire enemies, should be drawn to- 
gether by sympathy, at least of profession, 
and that the Hindoos should be open to the 
intrigues of their wily companions. 



40 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

So long as the kingdom of Oude remained 
independent; the Mussubiians hoped it might 
form a nucleus of power by which the Mo- 
hammedan empire should again be esta- 
blished in India; but its annexation to the 
British rule seemed to dash to the ground 
any hopes they may have had of reviving 
their dominion. Their only resource was 
the Sepoy army, numbering nearly 200,000 
men. By working on the patriotism, the 
religious passions and prejudices, of these 
•soldiers, they determined to excite them to 
rebellion : — with what success the mourning 
homes, the blood-stained streets, and ruined 
hamlets of India too well testify. 

There is nothing respecting which a Hin- 
doo is so sensitive as his caste. To attempt 
to deprive him of his caste is almost worse 
than an attempt on his life. It was not dijfi- 
cult, therefore, for the Mohammedans to 
convince the Hindoos that they who had 
forbidden widows to be burned and children 
to be thrown into the Ganges, — who had 
interfered with the cruelties of the swinging 
feast, and granted a Brahmin permission 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 41 

to retain his property though he changed* 
his rehgion, — who had allowed the widows 
of Brahmins to marry again, — were about 
to do away entirely with the sacred privi- 
leges of caste. Unhappily, the affair of the 
^' greased cartridges" afforded too good an 
opportunity to the scheming Mussulmans. 
The die was thrown. Mohammedan and 
Hindoo, like Herod and Pilate, became 
friends, being united at least in one thing, — 
their common enmity to the British and their 
desire to extirpate the race from India. 

In the month of January, 1857, a work- 
man of the lowest caste, (a Sudra,) at Dum- 
dum, asked a Brahmin Sepoy of the 2d 
Grenadiers to give him water from his 
"lota,'' (a brass pot.) The Sepoy refused, 
on the ground of his superior caste, and be- 
cause his " lota" would be defiled by the 
touch of the Sudra. The latter, incensed, 
observed that ''the pride of casi^e would soon 
be brought low ; for the Sepoy would pre- 
sently have to bite cartridges covered with 
the fat of cows and pigs," — ^the one an 
animal of special veneration, the other of as 



42 MART YES OF THE MUTINY. 

o;reat abhorrence. An excitement was at 
once occasioned among tlie troops, who 
begged the officers to change the objection- 
able cartridges. This was done, by order 
of the G-overnment, and different ingredients 
used in their preparation. But the news of 
the affair spread. The Sepoys — prompted, no 
doubt, by their Mohammedan friends — began 
to imagine that they were the victims of a 
conspiracy to destroy their caste. At Bar- 
rackpoor the inquietude manifested itself by 
the burning of several dwellings. Secret 
mutinous meetings were held by the sol- 
diery. .At Berhampoor and Vizianagram 
the troops refused to receive the cartridges 
or to obey the orders of their officers. At 
Barrackpoor, on the 29th of March, two 
English sub-officers were cut down. 

The 19tli Regiment, which had been princi- 
pally engaged in this affair, was dismissed, 
and Mungul Pandy, the leading mutineer, 
hung. Still the contagion spread. 

A European doctor at Lucknow inad- 
vertently tasted some medicine before hand- 
ing it to a sick Brahmin. It was construed 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 43 

by the soldiers as an attempt on tlieir caste : 
the regiment rose, and burned the doctor's 
bungalow. Sir Henry Lawrence, the British 
Resident, observing the mutinous disposition 
of the men, called out several regiments, and, 
with a battery of eight guns, proceeded by 
night to the lines of the mutineers, sur- 
rounded them, and, compelling them to lay 
down their arms, confined them to their lines 
pending further measures. On the evening 
of Sunday, the 10th of May, three regiments 
rose at Meeroot, fired the bungalows, and 
ruthlessly murdered every European man, 
woman, and child they could find. Thence 
they at once marched to Delhi, which was 
garrisoned by native troops. One regiment 
was led out to meet them, but the faithless 
Sepoys to a man joined with the rebels; the 
English officers were brutally slain, and the 
whole force, pouring into Delhi at different 
quarters, spent the remainder of the day in 
outrages and murders too horrible and fiend- 
ish to relate. The vast magazine was de- 
fended by seven Englishmen until no 
longer tenable, when it was fired, blowing 



44 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

two thousand of tlie mutineers into the air. 
On the 12th of May the Empire was pro- 
claimed, under the King of Delhi ; and it may 
be said that the mutiny had then fairly com- 
menced. Thus inaugurated in blood, it con- 
tinued in blood until heathen fury had spent 
its strength and the vengeance of an out- 
raged nation had been fully satisfied. 

On the 10th of May, 1857, as we have 
seen, fell at Meeroot the first victims of the 
Indian rebellion. On the next day, forty 
women and forty-four children perished in 
the most horrible manner at Delhi. At 
Agra, thirty-three more Avere coolly mur- 
dered; at Cawnpore, between three and 
four hundred. The barbarous ISTena Sahib 
— Avho had been educated, in accordance 
with the policy of the Government, in a 
Hindoo-British College, where among Eng- 
lish and Continental classics the Bible was 
never admitted — ordered three hundred 
men, women, and children to be butchered 
on the night of the 16th July. 

•^ From that time forward," says the Rev. 
Joseph Mullens, ''began a series of atrocities 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 45 

unparalleled in the history of our colonial set- 
tlements. From that time, in numerous lo- 
calities in Upper India, men, women, children, 
of our own nation, were exposed to trials, 
difficulties, and dangers of the most awful 
kind and were involved in one common ruin. 
They were hunted doAvn, tied together, fas- 
tened to trees and stakes, and, though un- 
armed and defenceless, were brutally slain. 
For several months, over hundreds of square 
miles, their houses were heaps of ruins. The 
highways were destroyed; all traffic ceased; 
riot and plunder and murder stalked wildly 
through the land, and the bodies of about 
fifteen hundred of our own countrymen and 
countrywomen lay unburied upon the wastes, 
a prey to jackals and vultures and the foul 
birds of night." 

Dr. Duff, in a letter dated from October 1st 
to 8th, says, '^ From the fragmentary way 
in which details have been reaching us, it is 
impossible to ascertain with absolute accu- 
racy the number of British Christians that 
have met with an untimely end in the midst 
of the present awful whirlwind of fire and 



46 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

blood. One tiling is certain : that, at the 
lowest calculation, the number cannot be 
under thirteen hundred. Of that number, 
about two hundred and forty have been 
British military officers, — about a tenth of 
the officers of the Bengal army. Great as is 
this number, the marvel is that, amid such 
terrific scenes, it has been so small. I now 
speak of those who have been actually mas- 
sacred, and not of those who have fallen in 
open battle with the enemy. The rest of the 
thirteen hundred consist of civil servants of 
the East India Company, assistants in Go- 
vernment offices, bankers, traders, agents, 
and ladies. 

''The number also includes four chaplains, 
and ten male missionaries, with their wives. 
Of the latter ten, two belonging to the Pro- 
pagation Society fell at Cawnpore, and three 
at Delhi ; four of the American Presbyterian 
Mission at Futteghur, and one of the Esta- 
blished Church of Scotland at Sealcote, in 
the Punjaub." 

Of the many victims of these massacres 
it is pleasing to find so few who were willing 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 47 

to save their lives by denying their faith; 
and, what is more encouraging to missionary 
effort, it would seem that a greater propor- 
tion of converted Hindoos were true to their 
religion than of their more favoured breth- 
ren from Christian lands. In one instance, 
an Englishwoman, who, like her country- 
women, had professed the religion of our 
Lord Jesus Christ, professed the faith of the 
false prophet, and allowed her children to 
deny the name of Christ, as the price of their 
escape from death. To us this is a mournful 
fact; but who can throw the first stone at 
her? Reader, is your faith so strong, and 
does your religion so shine amid trials, — 
slight compared with those of the Chris- 
tians in India, — that you can reproach the 
feeble faith of this poor woman ? Ah ! how 
few know the strength of their armour until 
they have proved it ! 

But on these few cases of apostasy we 
need not dwell. Let us rather turn to the 
noble instances of heroic constancy exhibited 
by the faithful Christians of India. 



48 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 



CHAPTEE III. 



The Mutineers at Delhi, and Slaughter of the Mis- 
sionaries and their Families — The Narrative of Wala- 
yat Ali. 

It will be most interesting if we collect 
into separate chapters the memorials of the 
sufferings and glorious triumphs of the In- 
dian martyrs and confessors at each of the 
stations which have acquired a dreadful re- 
nown for their several massacres. 

The mutineers entered Delhi on the 11th 
of May, 1857. Though gallantly resisted, 
their immense numbers soon overpowered the 
Europeans, and the terrible slaughter com- 
menced. The Rev. Mr. Jennings, the chaplain, 
was murdered before the eyes of his daugh- 
ter, who, after being subjected to the foulest 
outrages, was herself butchered. The Rev. A. 
B. Hubbard and his family attempted to con- 
ceal themselves from the infuriated soldiery. 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. • 49 

but were found, and slowly despatched by 
cutting their throats with broken glass. 

But of all who fell at Delhi the title of 
MARTYR belongs most fully to the Hindoo 
Walayat Ali, whose wife survived to tell the 
story of his fate, of the greatness of his 
faith, and of the good confession which he 
witnessed before the heathen. 

THE STORY OF WALAYAT ALL 

Walayat Ali belonged to a respectable 
and once wealthy Mohammedan family in 
Agra. His first religious impressions were 
the result of the labours of Colonel Wheeler, 
a devoted ofiicer in the British army of In- 
dia. He was induced to commence reading 
the Bible; but, although his mind was un- 
settled, he still clung to Mohammedanism, 
and sought for the removal of his doubts 
through its priests and ceremonies. His 
last attempt thoroughly opened his eyes to 
the real nature of Mohammedanism, and 
drove him with renewed diligence to the 
Bible. He went to a moulvi, or Moham- 
medan priest, of reputed sanctity, and sought 

5 



50 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

to become one of his disciples. For this the 
priest required a fee of twelve shillings, but, 
after hard bargaining, came down to two 
shillings, — at the same time cautioning our 
friend against telling any one of the small 
price he had paid, and exhorting him to say to 
all that he had paid the full price, twelve shill- 
ings. This was too much for his credulity. 
The thought struck him, '' I can sin enough 
without the aid of a priest : sin is the burden 
under which I am groaning; and yet this 
man would have me tell lies in order to fill 
his pockets !" From henceforth he turned to 
Christianity, and long continued to visit the 
missionaries of all the denominations in 
Agra. 

He was eventually baptized by the Bap- 
tist missionaries in 1838; and from that 
period to his death his life was one con- 
tinued scene of violence and persecution. 
His own family and neighbors commenced 
to throw bricks into his yard, stopped him 
from getting water at the well, and at- 
tempted to poison him. A younger bro- 
ther commenced a lawsuit against him. It 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 51 

was thought advisable that he should leave 
Agra for Chittura, where he continued to 
labour for seven years. The Baptist breth- 
ren having decided to send a native 
preacher to Delhi, pending the arrival of a 
European missionary, Walayat Ali was se- 
lected. '^When I asked him to go," writes 
the Kev. James Smith, with whom he had 
been associated at Chittura, '^ he hesitated 
for some time. He knew well the danger and 
difficulties he should have to grapple with, 
and the peculiar hatred of the Moham- 
medans to any one who had left their ranks, 
and he might well hesitate before he under- 
took such an arduous task. When once, 
however, the path of duty had been ascer- 
tained, he consulted no more with flesh and 
blood, but declared to me his readiness to 
go, though he might be called to lay down 
his life for his Lord and Saviour. When he 
bade a sorrowful good-bye to us at Chittura, 
with his interesting family, little did I ex- 
pect how soon he would be called to the 
presence of his Lord in the martyr's chariot 
of fire. I visited him at Delhi, when other 



52 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

duties permitted, and often preached with 
him to large and attentive crowds of people 
in the Chandni Chouk Bazaar, and other 
great thoroughfares; and I heard, the last 
time I was there, that his influence was 
being felt among the respectable Moham- 
medans, and that one of the princes from 
the palace paid him an occasional visit 
durino; the darkness of the evenins;. There 
can be no doubt that many in Delhi, who 
had failed to stop his mouth by fair argu- 
ment, were too ready to stop it by the 
sword, as soon as the dread of British power 
was removed; and hence I conclude the 
townspeople, (who knew him, and not the 
Sepoys from Meeroot, who could not know 
him,) on the breaking out of the insur- 
rection" rushed on, and cut him down." 

Walayat's wife, who was also a follower 
of Christ, thus narrates the closing scenes 
of her husband's earthly career : — 

''On Monday, the 11th of May, about 
nine o'clock in the morning, my husband 
was preparing to go out to preach, when a 
native preacher, named Thakoor, of the 



MAETYE3 OF THE MUTINY. 53 

Churcli Mission, came in, and told us that 
all the gates of the city had been closed, 
that the Sepoys had mutinied, and that the 
Mohammedans of the city were going about 
robbing and killing every Christian. He 
pressed hard on my husband to escape at 
once if possible, else that we would all be 
killed. My husband said, ' No, no, brother : 
the Lord's work cannot be stopped by any 
one.' In the mean while fifty horsemen were 
seen coming, sword in hand, and setting fire 
to the houses around. Thakoor said, ' Here 
they are come! now, what will you do? 
Eun ! run ! I will, and you had better 
come.' My husband said, ' This is no time 
to flee, except to God in prayer.' Poor 
Thakoor ran, was seen by the horsemen, 
and killed. My husband called us all to 
prayer, when, as far as I recollect, he said, — 
'^ ' Lord, many of thy people have been 
slain before this by the sword, and burned 
in the fire, for thy name's sake. Thou didst 
give them help to hold fast in the faith. 
Now, Lord, we have fallen into the fiery 
trial. Lord, may it please thee to help us 

6* 



54 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

to suffer with firmness. Let us not fall nor 
faint in heart under this sore temptation. 

'^ ' Even to the death, oh, help us to con- 
fess, and not to deny thee, our dear Lord! 
Oh, help us to bear this cross, that we may, 
if we die, obtain a crown of glory!' 

" After we had prayers, my husband kissed 
us all, and said, — 

'' ' See that, whatever comes, you do not 
deny Christ; for if you confide in him, and 
confess him, you will be blessed, and have a 
crown of glory. True, our dear Saviour 
has told us to be wise as the serpent, as 
well as innocent as the dove; so, if you can 
flee, do ,so; but, come what will, dont deny 
Christ.' 

" Now I began to weep bitterly, when he 
said, 'Wife, dear, I thought your faith was 
stronger in the Saviour than mine. Why 
are you so troubled? Eemember God's 
word, and be comforted. Know that if you 
die you go to Jesus. And if you are spared, 
Christ is your keeper. I feel confident that 
if any of our missionaries live, you will all 
be taken care of; and should they all perish, 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 55 

yet Christ lives forever. If the children are 
killed before your face, oh, then take care 
that you do not deny Him who died for us. 
This is my last charge; and God help you!' 
'' Now some horsemen came up, and the 
faquirs (devotees) who lived near us told 
them to kill m.y husband, — that he was an 
infidel preacher, and that he had destroyed 
the faith of many by preaching about Jesus 
Christ. The troopers asked him to repeat 
the Kulma;'^' but he would not. Two of 
them now fired at us, and one shot passed 
close by my husband's ear and went into 
the wall behind us. Now all the children 
fled through a back door toward the house 
of Mirza Hajee, one of the Shazadas, (or 
princes,) who respected my husband, and 
was fond of hearing of the love of God 
through Christ. He dressed like a faquir, 
and seemed partial to the gospel. He took 
in my seven children, who fled for refuge. 
One of the troopers now interposed, saying, 
' Don't kill them : Walayat All's father was 

"' The Moliammedan Creed. 



56 MAETYHS OF THE MUTINY. 

a very pious Mussulman, wtio went on a pil- 
grimage to Mecca; and it is likely that this 
man is a Christian only for the sake of 
money, and he may again become a good 
Mussulman.' Another trooper now asked 
my husband, 'Who, then, are you, and 
what are you?' He answered, 'I was at 
one time blind,' hut now I see. God merci- 
fully opened my eyes, and I have found a 
refuge in Christ. Yes, I ain a Christian; 
and I am resolved to live and die a Chris- 
tian.'' 'Ah,' said the trooper, 'you see that 
he is a Kaffir, (unbeliever;) kill him.' 

"Again he was threatened, with loaded 
muskets pointed at his breast, and asked to 
repeat the Kulma, with a promise of our 
lives and protection. My husband said, ^ I 
have repented once, and I have also believed 
in Christ : so I have no need of further re- 
pentance.' At this time two European gen- 
tlemen were seen running down the road 
leading to the river, when the troopers said, 
' Let us run after these Feringhees (Eu- 
ropeans) first: then we can return and kill 
these infidels.' So they went. 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 57 

'*' My husband now said to me, ' Flee, flee 
— now is the time — before they return.' He 
told me to go to the faquirs' Tukeea, while 
he would go to the Rev. Mr. Mackay's 
house, to try to save him. I went to the 
Tukeea; but the faquirs would not allow me 
to go in, and would have had me killed, but 
for the interposition of Mirza Hajee, the 
Prince, who said to the troopers, ' This 
woman and her husband are my friends : if 
you kill them I will get you all blown up.' 
Through fear of this, they let me go, when 
I began to cry about my children; but 
Mirza Hajee told me that he had them all 
safe. I now went after my husband towards 
Mr. Mackay's house in Dyriagunge. On the 
way I saw a crowd of the city Moham- 
medans, and my husband in the midst of 
them. They were dragging him about on 
the ground, beating him on the head and 
in the face with their shoes, some saying, 
'Now preach Christ to us.' 'Now where is 
the Christ in whom you boast?' and others 
asking him to forsake Christianity and re- 
peat the Kulma. 



68 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

" My husband said, ' No, I never will : my 
Saviour took up his cross and went to God; 
I take up my life as a cross, and will follow 
him to heaven.' 

'^They now asked him mockingly if he 
were thirsty, saying, ' I suppose you would 
like some water.' 

" He said, ' When my Saviour died, he got 
vinegar mingled with gall: I don't need 
your water. But if you mean to kill me, 
do so at once, and don't keep me in this 
pain. You are the true children of your 
prophet Mohammed. He went about con- 
verting with his sword, and he got thou- 
sands to submit from fear. But I won't. 
Your swords have no terror for me. Let it 
fall, and I fall a martyr for Christ.' 

''Now a trooper came up and asked what 
all this was about. The Mussulmans said, 
' Here we have a devil of a Christian, who 
will not recant: so do you kill him.' At 
this the Sepoy aimed a blow with his sword, 
which nearly cut off his head. His last 
words were, ' Jesus, receive my soulT 

'''I was close by under a tree, where I 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 59 

could see and hear all this. I was mucli 
terrified, and I shrieked out when I saw my 
poor husband was dead. It was of no use 
my staying there: so I went back to the 
chapel-compound, where I found my house 
in a blaze, and people busy plundering it. 
I now went to my children, to the house of 
the prince Mirza Hajee, where I stayed three 
days, when orders were issued to the effect 
that should any one be found guilty of har- 
boring or concealing Christians they would 
be put to death. The queen, Zeenut Mahal, 
had some fifty Europeans concealed; and 
she did all in her power to save them, but 
was compelled to give them up. Mirza 
Gohur, a nephew of the king, knew that I 
was with Mirza Hajee, and he remonstrated 
with him, and warned him of the conse- 
quences of keeping me. Mirza Hajee now 
told me that I must take one of two steps, 
— either become a Mohammedan or leave his 
house. Both of them urged upon me to 
leave Christianity, saying that every Chris- 
tian in India had been killed, and that 
for me to hold out would be great folly. I 



60 MAKTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

was promised a house to live in, and tliirty 
rupees* per month to support myself and 
children, and that no one should molest me. 
God helped me to resist the temptation, and 
I said, ' JSfo, I cannot forsake Christ. I will 
work to support my children, and if I must 
he killed, God's will be done.' 

"I had now to go out, with my seven 
children. A coolie (porter) who came with 
me led me to the Kotwali, (police-station,) 
and some Sepoys there attempted to kill us. 
One man, however, knowing who I was, 
told them that I was under the protection 
of the king, and not to kill me. I now went 
about, seeking for some place to dwell in; 
but no one would take us in, lest they should 
be murdered on our account. So I had to 
wander from one place to another for some 
ten days, having no place to rest, and nothing 
hardly to eat. Out of the city we could not go, 
for all the gates were closed, and strict orders 
given not to allow any woman to go out. 



"^ The rupee is the standard coin of India, and rather 
less than half a dollar in value. 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 61 

'' On the thirteenth day a large body of 
the Sepoys went out, and I managed to mix 
with the crowd, and got out with my chil- 
dren. I now went to a place in the suburbs 
of Delhi, called Tulwaree, where I got a 
room for eight annas (a half-rupee) a month. 
Six rupees was all the money I had, all the 
rest having been taken from us by the Mo- 
hammedans. 

''When the English soldiers arrived be- 
fore Delhi, I found my position any thing 
but safe; for the Sepoys had a strong party 
there, and we were exposed to the fire of 
friends and foes. Cannon-balls came near 
us again and again, and one day one even 
got into our room, but did us no harm. 

"I heard that many people went to 
a place called Soonput, twenty coss (forty 
miles) from Delhi; so I accompanied some 
people there. 

" In this place I remained for three months, 
working hard to keep my little children from 
starvation. I was chiefly engaged in grind- 
ing corn, getting but one anna (three cents) 
for grinding nine seers, (eighteen pounds,) 



62 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

and, in order to get a little food for all, I 
often had to work niglit and day : yet the 
Lord was good, and we did not starve. 

^'When I heard that the English troops 
had taken Delhi from the city people, many 
of whom came into Soonput in a great terror, 
I left, with two other women, who went in 
search of their husbands. I again came to 
Tulwaree, where the whole of my children 
were taken ill of fevers and colds, and I was 
in great distress. The youngest child died 
in a few days, and I had not a pice (a small 
copper coin) to pay for help to get it buried. 
No one would touch it. So I went about 
the sad task myself. They indeed said that 
if I would become a Mohammedan they 
would bury it for me. I took up the little 
corpse, wrapped it in a cloth, and took it 
outside the village. I began to dig a little 
grave with my own hands, when two men 
came up and asked why I was crying so. 
I told them; and they kindly helped me to 
dig a grave, and then they left. I then took 
up the little corpse, and, looking up to hea- 
ven, I said, — 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 63 

" ' Lord, thou hast been pleased to call 
to thyself this little child, and I have 
been able to bring his little body to be 
buried. But, Lord, if thou shouldst call 
one of the hig ones, how can I bring it? 
Have mercy upon me, Lord, and permit 
me to meet with some of thy dear people 
again ; and if not, Father, take to thyself 
the mother with the children.' 

'^JSTow I was anxious to get into the city, 
and sent a message by a native Christian, 
Heera Lall, who knew us well. I at last 
found him, and got into Delhi, where I was 
kindly treated. I got Heera Lall to write 
to Agra, in hopes that some of our mission- 
aries might be alive; and when you wrote 
back I cried for joy, and thanked God; for 
I now knew that what my dear husband 
said would be fulfilled, — that, if our mission- 
aries should be spared, I and the children 
would have friends. 

''Of the Eev. Mr. Mackay, and Mrs. 
Thompson and family, I have to say that 
before I left Delhi I went to Mrs. Thompson's 
house, where I saw a sight which horrified 



64: MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

me, — Mrs. Thompson and one daughter lying 
dead on a bed, grasping each other, and the . 
other on the floor by the side of the bed. 
The heads were quite severed from the 
trunks ! Of Mr. Mackay I heard that he, 
with several other gentlemen, was killed 
in Colonel Skinner's house, after a resistance 
of three or four days. The king ordered 
the people to dig up the floor of the cellar 
where they had taken shelter, and to kill 
them." 

Who can peruse this noble record and 
not rejoice in the proof it afi'ords that the 
gospel retains all its pristine power to ani- 
mate with a dauntless courage the hearts 
into which it is received? Walayat Ali 
''being dead yet speaketh;" and, while his 
voice attests the divine virtue of true Chris- 
tianity, it should be a special study of all 
who profess the Christian faith. What a 
lesson does he teach on the value of prayer 
in times of overwhelming danger, when he 
says to those around him who are urging 
him to fly, " This is no time to flee, except 
to God in prayer !" And what models of 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 65 

earnest prayer are given by the native con- 
vert and his noble wile in their brief, com- 
prehensive, and earnest supplications ! The 
martyr thinks of the '^ cloud of witnesses," 
and prays that he and his may have help to 
suffer with firmness and not to faint in the 
day of trial; while the confessor, in her be- 
reavement, speaks to God in prayer, and tells 
him of her sorrows, as one knowing: that he 
heard and pitied her. How great the com- 
posure and peace of the good man, when he 
gently rebukes the weak faith of his weeping 
wife !-^" I thought your faith was stronger 
than mine." And when he spake of his de- 
cease, and directed his friends to be ''wise 
as serpents," but, come what would, not to 
deny Christ. 

This faithful martyr displays true Chris- 
tian heroism, (a truer heroism where do we 
find?) when, threatened with instant death 
from the loaded muskets pointed at his 
breast, and promised life if he will only 
repeat the Mohammedan creed, he nobly re- 
plies, to the question "Who are you?" *' I 
was at one time blind, but now I see. ... I 



66 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

am a Christian, and am resolved to live and 
die a Christian." 

Here we witness the holy faith of Stephen, 
the protomartyr, when, amidst like suffer- 
ings, the crowd gathers around Walayat 
Ali, and they are dragging him on the 
ground, beating him on the head and face 
with their shoes, and taunting him with 
preaching Christ, and, like the Saviour's 
own persecutors, calling on him to prophesy 
to them, he rejects another proposal to save 
his life by repeating the Kulma, by saying, 
" No, I never will : my Saviour took up his 
cross and went to God ; I take up my life, 
as a cross, and will follow him to heaven." 

Mark also the calm self-possession with 
which the dying man, alone amidst his ene- 
mies, charges his persecutors with being the 
true children of Mohammed, who went about 
converting with his sword and obtained his 
proselytes through fear. ^' Your swords have 
no terror for me." Is that not a sublime cour- 
age with which he says, '' Let it fall, and I fall 
a martyr for Christ" ? "Who can deny to him 
the place of a martyr, as he claims it? Just 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 67 

before the blow fell wliich. nearly severed 
bis bead from bis body, be might have lived 
if he would have recanted. The Mussul- 
mans labored to induce him to return to 
the faith of bis fathers; but they toiled in 
vain to shake the faith of this true believer, 
who stood on the Rock against which the 
gates of hell shall not prevail. His last 
words were those of the great leader in the 
noble procession into which he fell : — ^' 
Jesus, receive my spirit!" 

Not less heroic is the constancy with which 
his wife maintained her faith. Widowed and 
beggared, with her children crying to her for 
food and dying by her side, surrounded by re- 
morseless foes, she forsook not the gospel of 
her Saviour nor wavered in her confession 
of his name. . 



68 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 



CHAPTEE IV. 

Outbreak at Mecroot — Account by Mr. Medland — The 
Catecbist Joseph — His Danger and Constancy — Its 
Application to ourselves — The Character of Joseph- 
Amritsar — The Narrative of Jhuma and Hera, two 
native Christians — The Sikh Daoud. 

^' While I was performing service in our 
mission chapel on Sunday evening," says 
tlie Eev. A. Medland, Churcli missionary at 
Meeroot, " I heard a great noise, shouting, 
and yelling, accompanied by occasional firing 
of musketry. At the conclusion of the 
prayers I inquired the cause, and was in- 
formed that the Sepoys were fighting in 
their own lines. Apprehending no danger, 
as the lines were at some distance, I com- 
menced my sermon, but had not proceeded 
far when a man rushed in and informed me 
that the Sepoys were advancing upon us 
and murdering all the Europeans they could 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 69 

lay hands on. Mr. Parsons, our catechist, 
quickly followed, and confirmed his statement, 
when I at once dismissed the congregation, 
and, at his suggestion, drove off in a direc- 
tion opposite to my house. By this time 
huge masses of smoke were ascending in 
various directions; and shortly after, we 
passed the European troops marching to the 
scene of disturbance. Being assured that 
the danger was imminent, we proceeded to 
seek shelter in the house of a friend. Ere 
we could enter his compound, we heard a 
savage yell behind us, and immediately an 
empty buggy passed. The owner, we have 
since heard, was murdered on the spot, and 
a gentleman who a,ccompanied him very 
dangerously wounded. We, however, were 
mercifully permitted to enter our friend's 
house in safety, where we remained until 
escorted by some officers to a place of greater 
security. The night was passed in a state 
of fearful anxiety and suspense, whilst the 
illuminated sky and the distant firing pro- 
claimed that the work of destruction and 
carnage was proceeding. Towards morning 



70 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

the firing ceased, — when we were horrified by 
the various accounts which were brought in. 

'' On Monday my servants came, and in- 
formed me that a large crowd of natives 
from the city — probably a thousand — came to 
my house on the preceding evening, inquiring 
for Mrs. Medland and myself, and threaten- 
ing to cut us in pieces. Learning, however, 
that we were not there, they instituted a 
diligent search; but, failing in their object, 
they set fire to the house and adjoining pre- 
mises. The whole of our property was 
either burned or stolen, and, with the excep- 
tion of a few articles of wearing-apparel 
which have since been thrown back, we have 
nothing left save the clothes we have on. 

" The mob next inquired for Joseph, my 
catechist, (native assistant.) He, however, 
was at church, and accompanied me when I 
fled as far as he could keep pace with my 
horse. I then directed him to follow on as 
best he could ; but, mistaking my direction's, 
he proceeded by a circuitous route to my 
house in the city. He was recognised, 
beaten, and left for dead. However, he re- 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 71 

vived, ran away, hid himself, and a day or 
two after, having carefully disguised him- 
self, returned to me. I have since learned 
that a mob approached the mission premises ; 
but learning from the chowkedar that Mr. 
Lamb's house was empty, and he on the 
hills, they departed without doing any 
damage. I have not yet been able to ven- 
ture into the city to ascertain if any of my 
property remain : it would probably be at 
the risk of my life to do so; but I gather 
from my servants that the dwelling-house, 
school-room, and a small bungalow used as 
a girl's school-room, have all been de- 
stroyed." 

The " Catechist Joseph" has won a noble 
name by his faithful constancy to Christ. 
In a letter to Mr. Medland he gives a his- 
tory of the trial to which his faith was put, 
and his willingness to lose all rather than 
deny his Saviour. His letter will most fitly 
tell the story. , 

'^Keverend Sir: — It had been much 
better if I went with you, because, as I was 



72 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

going through the Lai Ktitu Bazaar, I saw 
that the Sepoys were firing at the Begum's 
bridge : therefore I turned to the left, and 
ran away very fast. In the way I met with 
two villagers, who were coming from a cer- 
tain village. They said, 'Don't go to the 
city, but let us go to AbduUepur.' I said, 
' No, I will go to the city.' When I came 
to the little village which is near the Shapeer 
Darwaz4, (gate,) although I had disguised 
myself,, ye't people recognised me ; and one 
of them said, 'Oh, he is a Christian; kill 
him.' / could not deny the Lord Jesus 
Christ, although it was the very moment of 
my death. I said, ' I am a Christian ; but 
don't beat me or kill me.' One of them gave 
me a very severe blow with his lathee, (a 
thick stick or kind of club.) After this 
they ran towards me and began to beat me. 
I don't know how many there were who beat 
me; and when they had perfectly killed me, 
as they thought, they went away. When I 
received the last and severe blow, which I 
thought would be fatal, I fell upon my knees, 
and prayed, ' Lord Jesus Christ, receive 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 73 

my spirit : I comiiiit it into tliy Lands.' For 
some time I remained half dead; and, after 
a little while, I heard a voice of a man, who 
said, 'Throw the dead man away;' but no 
person came to me. When I came to my- 
self, I got up and ran away. They ran after 
me again, saying, ' He is still living ; kill 
him!' They could not catch me. I did not 
know what to do, nor where to go. At last 
I went to Dearhee Villaa;e. When I reached 
there, people recognised me, (we had preached 
there a week or ten days previously,) and 
ran after me ; but I went out of their reach. 
After this I went to the jungle, and con- 
cealed myself under bushes, where I re- 
mained all night. Very early in the morn- 
ing I got up, and came in the city, where I 
saw that the kathee (my house) and bunga- 
low were burned to ashes. I said, ' It is 
the Lord ; let him do Avhat seemeth him 
good: the Lord gave, and the Lord hath 
taken away: his name be blessed.' 

" I did not find any of the servants there 
save KuUu Sing, (a teacher in the school.) 
He took me to his house ; but his father did 



74 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

not like to let me stay there: therefore I 
sent for Mahesperhad, (a school-boy.) As 
soon as he heard of me he came, and took 
me to his house, and gave me every satis- 
faction. Please tell Mariann (his wife) that 
now I am better she should not be troubled, 
but rather pray. 

" I remain, sir, 

''Yours most obediently, 

'' Joseph." 

Great indeed must have been the con- 
fidence and firm the hope of this Christian 
Hindoo to have enabled him, among a crowd 
of Sepoys, thirsting for his blood, crying, 
"He is a Christian; kill him !" to say, ''I am 
a Christian." ^^I covM not,'' says he, ''deny 
the Lord Jesus Christ, although it was the 
very moraent of my death J' What a glo- 
rious confession from the mouth of a con- 
verted pagan, and what an example for the 
Christians of our own land ! 

Let these words be marked by the timid 
young convert who, if she confesses Christ 
in the family and desires to follow him, will 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 75 

have to take up tlie cross amidst foes in the 
house. Let them be heard by the young 
man in the warehouse and the counting- 
house, who must run the gauntlet under the 
heavy blows of ribald scoffers, but whose 
blows are lighter than those that Joseph 
received from the fists and clubs of his per- 
secutors. And let them be heard by the 
youth at school, when he has to kneel down 
by the side of his little bed in the large 
dormitory, no longer at his mother's knee, 
to hear the titters and jeers of young 
scoffers who have never been taught to pray, 
or have already trampled parental counsel 
beneath their feet. '"Stand up for Jesus!" 
was the motto of a beloved minister whos^ 
untimely end plunged the churches of 
America into mourning; and even while 
the words were falling from his lips, one, 
"plucked from the barning," in India, was 
re-echoing the words and upholding thereby 
his deeds. 

Mr. Medland thus testifies to the charac- 
ter of this remarkable Hindoo, and explains 
some portions of Joseph's letter : — 



76 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

"Discovering that lie was unable to keep 
pace witli my horse, I directed him to follow 
as he best could in an opposite direction to 
the scene of disturbance. Mistaking my 
direction, I suppose, he shortly after en- 
deavored to return to the city, and un- 
fortunately met with the sad treatment he 
has himself described. His exclamation, 
'The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken 
away,' was made under very peculiar and 
trying circumstances. He then discovered, 
for the first time, that the whole of his little 
property, amounting to between four hundred 
and five hundred rupees, had been destroyed, 
and was in io^norance of the fate of his wife 
and father. The young man who sheltered 
him so nobly was a Brahmin youth of our 
first class. I had always considered Joseph 
as a promising young man and a sincere 
and consistent Christian. This trial of his 
faith, has greatly confirmed my opinion of 
him." 

It was not many days after these events 
at Meeroot that other converted natives at 
Ameitsae, in the Punjaub, were called upon 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 77 

to give proofs of their faith. The following 
narrative of Jhumah and Hera is rendered 
more interesting by the fact that the time 
chosen by them for the profession of C^hris- 
tianity was in the very midst of the mutiny, 
and while life and property were liable to be 
sacrificed to the fury of their countrymen. 

THE NARRATIVE OF JHUMAH AND HERA. 

^'Amristar was the scene of a noble 
avowal of Christianity on the part of two 
native converts, soon after the outbreak 
of the mutiny, and during the troubles 
that ensued. The 35th regiment of Native 
Infantry, being suspected of disloyalty, was 
disarmed and sent to Amritsar, where it 
remained for some . months under the guns 
of the fort. The armorer of that regiment, 
whose name was Jhumah, and his wife Hera, 
were both disciples of Christ, the man having 
received the gospel four years previously, 
throui^h the readina; of the New Testament 
by his wife, who had first found the Scrip- 
tures able to make her wise unto salvation. 
His wife lost her parents when she was 



78 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

about twelve ^^ears of age, when she was 
sold for a trifle, by the woman who had 
taken charge of her after her parents' death, 
to a European gentleman, an officer either 
of the Queen's or East India Company's Ser- 
vice. In his home she remained twenty- 
seven years, at the expiration of which time 
he returned to England. Previously, how- 
ever, to leaving India, he settled on Hera 
twenty rupees per month for her life. While 
residing with him she was taught to read 
Hindoo and Persian, though the word of 
God was never, during this period, put into 
her hands. Before this captain left India, 
and during one of his absences in the hills, 
Hera (who remained in his house at Agra) 
saw a man come to the compound and ask a 
female servant for some water. The servant 
told him to come to the house and she 
would give him some. He did so, and, after 
drinking the water, he entered into con- 
versation with Hera and her servant. -After 
she had left, she observed that he had left 
behind him a hook. She says the man was 
a book-distributor, i.e. probably, a colpor- 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 79 

teiir. She put the book aside, and, seeing 
him pass by another day, she had him called, 
and told him he had left one of his books at 
her house. He said, 'Never mind: let it 
remain.' Still, she expected that he would 
call for it at some future time; but, finding 
he did not, she put it away in her box with 
her clothes. 

''When the captain returned from the 
hills, Hera showed him the book, and told 
him she understood it was one of our Chris- 
tian books, and she should like to read it, 
but, as every native does, she first wanted 
her master's order to do so. He told her 
he would not forbid her doing so, hut she 
must not ask him any more about it. She 
saw he did not wish her to read it, and there- 
fore she did not."^ In her box the book re- 
mained for twelve years without her once 
opening it. One day, on going to the box, 
the book attracted* her notice, and she 



* These are the men whose example in India has 
done more to disgrace Christianity than all the efforts 
of the heathens themselves. 



80 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

thouglit she would take it out and see 
what kind of a book it was. Her heart at 
this time, she says, was sorrowfuL She 
read a little, and liked what she read. She 
continued to read till she had read it en- 
tirely through. This book was no other 
than the New Testament. This was nine 
years ago. She says that, having read 
through the whole once, she began it again; 
but this time she read only a small portion, 
and thought over it for a long time, when 
a little light broke in upon her mind, and 
she began to pray that God would make her 
to understand what she read. In this way 
she went on reading and praying for three 
years and a half, when, to use her own ex- 
pressive words, 'her faith became strong 
and firm.' Soon after this the regiment 
(the 35th Native Infantry) to which her 
husband belonged was ordered to Lucknow. 
After the captain's departure for England, 
she was married to Jhumah, the armorer 
of the regiment. While in Lucknow, she 
experienced a great deal of annoyance and 
persecution, as well from her husband as 



. MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 81 

from others; but slie told her husband that 
she would give up every thing in the world 
if she were obliged, but she w^ould never 
give up her book, or the reading of it. 

"Finding she was not to be moved from 
her purpose, they desisted from their en- 
deavors to persuade her, and she had 
peace from without as well as peace within. 
At length she gained more courage, and 
read her book in a voice so loud from be- 
hind the 'punda (the curtain separating a 
tent) that she could be heard by those who 
were on the other side. Thus her husband, 
and other Sepoys who may have come to 
his tent, heard the word of God read. It 
fastened upon her husband's mind, and he 
told her he should like to hear more of 
that book. She then began to read to him 
of an evening, while he was eating his food. 
And here one cannot but feel and remark 
what a contrast she was to many Christians 
who have enjoyed the privileges of religion 
all their lives. She not only read to her 
husband, but she never omitted, night and 
morning, praying for him, that God would 



82 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

bless his word and turn the heart of her 
husband to himself. She was also in the 
habit of talking to her husband of what they 
thus read together, and used to ask him if 
he did not believe that all that was written 
in the book was true. He told her he 
would not yet say he believed. '■ Well, then,' 
she replied, 'when you do, tell me.' She 
continued to pray for him; and at length 
God showed her that her prayer had been 
heard and answered. One day her husband 
came to her and said, ' Now, I believe, my faith 
is being strengthened.' It is now nearly four 
years ago that he thus professed his faith 
in Christ; and at that time the regiment 
was at Sealcote, in the Punjaub, where it 
remained till May, 1857, when the disturb- 
ance in India commenced. It was then 
chosen to form a part of the movable column 
of the Punjaub, but afterwards, its loyalty 
being suspected, it was disarmed and de- 
tached from the column, and eventually sent 
to Amritsar, where' it remained for some 
months under the guns of the fort. It was 
during this time that Jhumah went to the 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 83 

colonel of tlie regiment and told him that 
lie wished to become a Christian. The 
colonel asked him what made him entertain 
such a desire, and if the thought that he 
should benefit himself in worldly matters 
at all influenced him. He replied, 'No: I 
wish it because I have learned that I am a 
sinner, and my only hope of salvation is in 
Jesus Christ.' The colonel then gave him 
a note, and sent him to the missionary, who, 
after questioning him as to his wishes and 
motives, told him to come himself, and bring 
his wife also, for regular instruction. They 
went regularly once or twice a week: the 
man daily went either to the missionary at 
the city school, or to the native preacher. 
Hera went to the wife of the missionary. 
The first time she came she showed her New 
Testament, with the Old Testament also, 
which had since been given her. 'These/ 
she said, 'were her treasures, her wealth, — 
more and dearer to her than all her worldly 
goods.' As a proof of- her sincerity, it may 
be stated that when the regiment was or- 
dered to join the movable column, she left 



84 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

behind her at Sealcote the best of her clotheS; 
&c., taking with her only the clothes she 
had on and her Bible, or, to use her own 
words, 'her wealth,' All her property, 
clothes, jewels, and tools belonging to her 
husband, of the value of about five hundred 
rupees, was subsequently lost in the mutiny 
at Sealcote. 

''After some weeks, circumstances re- 
quired that the regiment should be sent a 
few miles away from Amritsar, and its des- 
tination was quite uncertain. On this ac- 
count the couple became very anxious to be 
speedily baptized, and one day Hera, with 
tears in her eyes, begged an English friend 
to intercede for them that they might soon 
receive baptism. 'Otherwise,' she said, 
'they feared the regiment would be moved 
before they had come into their hands,' — 
meaning before they had been admitted into 
the visible church as Christians, — and that 
this would be a great grief to them. A few 
days before that which had been fixed upon 
for their baptism, she went as usual to the 
m'^^sion-house. 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 85 

''When the wife of the missionary said to 
her, 'You are soon now to be baptized, and 
perhaps afterwards the men and women of 
your regiment will annoy and persecute you 
and ridicule you, and say you are gone mad 
by becoming a Christian. Do you think you 
will be able to bear their ridicule and an- 
noyance ? or will you be afraid of them, and 
be ashamed of being taunted with being a 
Christian?' She looked at her steadfastly for 
a few moments, and then said, with great 
earnestness, ' Why should I be afraid of 

THEM, OR WHY SHOULD I BE ASHAMED? 

Should I be afraid of man, who can only 

KILL THE BODY? No : I WOULD RATHER 
FEAR G-OD, WHO CAN NOT ONLY KILL MY 
BODY, BUT CAN AFTERWARDS CAST MY SOUL 

INTO hell! And of what should I be 
ASHAMED? Not of Jesus Christ; for is 

HE NOT MY ONLY SaVIOUR FROM SIN AND 
ITS PUNISHMENT ? No. I WILL NEVER BE 

ASHAMED OF Christ.' On Friday, the 27th 
of November last, they were baptized by the 
names of Abraham and Sarah. Their be- 
havior was strikingly serious, and they 

8 



86 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

made their responses witli much earnestness 
of manner. Since then, they have been very 
regular in their attendance at public wor- 
ship, though, as Hera was able only to walk 
a very short distance, and their camp was 
fully two miles off, and the church another 
mile farther, every time she went to church 
she had to pay eight annas for a conveyance. 
They manifested a great desire to partake 
of the Lord's Supper ; and, after some further 
instruction and examination, they were ad- 
mitted to that sacrament on the first Sun- 
day in the new year. Hera continued to 
come to visit the lady of the missionary till 
the 12th of January, when she left Amritsar 
for Kangra. The last time this lady saw 
her, she said she wished to tell her some- 
thing that was on her mind, — that during 
the insurrection, and while an army was be- 
fore Delhi, she constantly prayed that God 
would preserve the dominion of the English 
in this country, and that she then made a 
vow of an offering to God should her prayers 
be heard; that as yet she had not been 
able to fulfil her word, but that she would 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 87 

do SO as soon as she had the ability, and she 
wished to know in, what way she should 
devote her offering to God's service." 

This brief but valuable narrative illus- 
trates the power of the written word, even 
when not supplemented by the living voice^ 
and is a new instance of the truth of the 
divine promise, " For as the rain cometh 
down, and the snow from heaven, and re- 
turneth not thither, but watereth the earth, 
and maketh it bring forth and bud, that it 
may give seed to the sower and bread to 
the eater ; so shall my word be that goeth 
forth out of my mouth : it shall not return 
unto me void, but it shall accomplish that 
which I please, and it shall prosper in the 
thing whereto I sent it." Isa. Iv. 10, 11. 

This will also be prized by every Chris- 
tian heart not only for the martyr-spirit 
which Hera exhibited, but for the wonderful 
manner in which both she and her husband 
were brought to the Saviour. 



" God moves in a mysterious way 
His wonders to perform !" 



88 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

Truly " His ways are past finding out." 
Who would have expected that from the for- 
gotten book of the wayside traveller, long 
hidden in the trunk of this poor Hera, 
laughed at or at least neglected by the cap- 
tain, should, after twelve years, spring forth 
the seed of the gospel, which, taking root in 
the heart of herself and her husband, should 
produce such glorious fruits? What more 
noble avowal could have fallen from the lips 
of the most favored Christian, than this? — 
" Why should I be afeaid of them, or 

WHY SHOULD I BE ASHAMED ? ShOULD I BE 
AFEAID OF MAN, WH'O CAN ONLY KILL THE 
BODY ? No : I WOULD EATHEE FEAE GOD, 
WHO CAN NOT ONLY KILL MY BODY, BUT CAN 
AFTEEWAEDS CAST MY SOUL INTO HELL. 

And of what should I be ashamed ? Not 
OF Jesus Cheist; foe is he not my only 
Savioue feom sin and its punishment? 

No. I WILL NEVEE BE ASHAMED OF ChEIST." 

And what a pointed question is that of the 
Indian slave ! — " Why should I be ashamed?" 
This is the spirit of a true Christianity, — 
the spirit which leads us to undergo pain, 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 89 

torture, losses, death, rather than feel ashamed 
of Christ. 

Jhumah and Hera were not the only ones 
at Amritsar who deserve a place among the. 
records of Christian constancy in India. 

THE SIKH DAOUD. 

The Christian Sikh, Daoud, had been a 
few years previously ordained by Bishop Wil- 
son, of Calcutta, as the native pastor over 
a small congregation of native Christians at 
Amritsar, where he was making full proof 
of his ministry. On the 14th and the 15th 
of May, the Europeans and native Chris- 
tians in Amritsar were in a state of the 
greatest alarm. The Eev. A. Strawbridge 
thus describes their perilous condition : — 

" There was only one native regiment, 
and that, for the present, remained peace- 
able and quiet. There were, however, 
guards placed at every house, and appli- 
cation was forwarded to Sealcote for more 
European troops to man the fort at Govind- 
ghur. The city also remained apparently 
quiet; how long it might continue so no one 

8* 



90 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

could say. The missionaries accordingly re- 
ceived intimation from the authorities to 
hold themselves and their families in readi- 
ness, at a moment's notice, to flee to the 
fort. The native newspapers at this time 
openly-asserted that within the short period 
of three days British rule would cease in 
India. 

'' On the night of the 14th, a report 
reached Amritsar that the three disarmed 
regiments at Lahore had rebelled, and 
threatened to march upon Ferozepur : their 
real destination was concluded to be Am- 
ritsar. They were, however, overawed by 
the decisive conduct of the authorities. The 
artillery was brought out and prepared for 
action, and they were warned that if they 
attempted to leave their cantonment they 
would immediately be fired upon. The civil 
authorities, sustaining the action of the mili- 
tary officers, hastened to raise the country; 
and all the Sikh Sirdars promised help. 

" On the receipt of the intelligence that 
the disarmed regiments were threatening 
open rebellion, the European ladies in the 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 91 

civil lines were collected to pass the night 
at the mission-house, so as to be in readi- 
ness to enter the fort should occasion call 
for it, the military authorities having first 
cleared it of all native troops and intrusted 
it to the safe keeping of European artillery. 
The next day the fort was victualled for a 
month, in case it should become a refuge. 

'' On the next night, tidings reached Am- 
ntsar of the sanguinary collision at Feroze- 
pur; and, as this was marked out as the 
fatal night, the ladies, at their own request, 
were introduced into the fort. The night, 
however, passed over peaceably." 

And now we see shining from the midst 
of this darkness the vigorous faith of this 
native pastor. The people of the city had 
begun to persecute this little flock, com- 
mitted to the care of Daoud, and, exulting 
over their perils, to assure them that their 
days were numbered. The faithful shep- 
herd went to the fort to inform his friends 
of the dangers by which he and his people 
were surrounded, when he was urged to 
move into the fort for safety. To this invi- 



92 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

tation lie gave the brave reply that he 
would rather die in his house than flee. 

When urged to give his reason for ex- 
posing his life to destruction when offered 
the means of safety, he replied that he 
preached daily in the city, and exhorted the 
people not to fear those that can kill the 
body and after that have no more that they 
can do, but to fear Him that hath power to 
cast soul and body into hell. He added 
that, if he should now leave, his conduct 
would be opposed to his teaching, and con- 
sequently his preaching would be without 
effect. Our own missionaries add that 
they felt much strengthened by the words 
of this native pastor, who thus sent back to 
them a large reward for the care taken to 
instruct him in the faith of Christ. It was 
refreshing to their exhausted spirits, in the 
time of threatening destruction, to hear 
from this Sikh pastor that the gospel he 
had learned, and was then teaching, had 
inspired him with a holy courage to face 
death in the horrid form in which it threat- 
ened to advance. 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 93 

Daoud was, however, mercifully shielded 
from the sufferings he was willing to endure 
in the service of his Master. He found that 
he that loseth his life for Christ's sake shall 
find it. Although, after the outbreak, the 
rebels in the city turned out and damaged 
every house, they spared all the residences 
of the missionaries, which they found to be 
defended by men from the neighboring vil- 
lages who had been visited by the mission- 
aries and who came forward in this manner 
to show their respect and gratitude. Daoud 
has, it may be hoped, been spared for useful- 
ness as a faithful under-shepherd for many 
years before he shall be called to receive the 
crown of life from the chief Shepherd and 
Bishop of souls. 

Six months later, this good man received 
a special mercy at the Lord's hands, in the 
conversion of his aged father to the faith 
of the gospel. 



94 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 



CHAPTER V. 

The American Martyrs of Futteghur — Description of 
the Mission by Mr. Walsh — Devastations by the Mu- 
tineers — First Alarms — Threats of the Natives — The 
Spirit of the Martyrs — Mahishanpoor Massacre — De- 
parture for Cawnpore — Terrors by the way — Capture 
by the Sepoys — Death. 

FuTTEGHUE IS a name wliicli, while it 
brings tears of sympathy to every Ameri- 
can eye, will awaken an emotion of joy in 
every Christian heart. For here, at one of 
the most prosperous and well-managed mis- 
sions in India, nobly perished some of our 
own countrymen and countrywomen, in 
the very midst of the work; while not one 
of them faltered in the presence of their 
dreadful fate. Sad is it to recount the tale 
of their martyrdom ; but its horrors are for- 
gotten and eclipsed in the glory of their 
death. As long as the mission cause exists 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 95 

on earth, and the roll of " the noble aemy 
OF THE Maetyes" in heaven, the names of 
rEEEilAN, Campbell, Johnson, and Mc- 
Mullen, and of their beloved wives and 
children, will live in the hearts and cheer 
the faith of Christian missionaries, and shine 
with peculiar brightness in the sacred record 
of heaven. 

Futteghur was a military settlement on 
the Ganges, one hundred and eighty-four 
miles southeast of Delhi. It had been the 
seat, also, of a very successful mission. 
^' From the organization of our church in 
1841," says the Kev. J. Johnston Walsh, 
(whose affecting "Memorial of the Martyred 
Missionaries" should be read by all who are 
interested in Christ's kingdom,) " to June. 
1857, it increased gradually, year by year, 
until the number reached over one hundred. 
Many of these, however, were dismissed, to 
form or to help w^eak churches in other 
places : so that we have never had more than 
eighty native members at one time in con- 
nection with us. We have not been without 
our revivals in the church at Futteghur. 



96 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

In 1849, a special work of grace was mani- 
fested, whicli resulted in the accession of 
twenty-eight persons to the privileges of the 
church." 

A beautiful church had been erected, a Hin- 
doo prince (the Maha-Raj ah Dhuleep Singh) 
contributing two hundred and fifty dollars to 
it. There was also an orphan-asylum, in 
which the children were taught weaving 
and tent-making ; while in the various 
schools were nearly five hundred scholars. 

In 1857, the Rev. Joseph Mullens, of Cal- 
cutta, visited this Christian oasis in the vast 
heathen desert. " I received," says he, " a 
most hearty welcome from the brethren. 
During our brief stay they showed us every 
department of their most useful mission. 
We saw their plain, substantial dwelling- 
houses ; the large boarding-schools for boys 
and girls; the long lines of houses in the neat 
Christian village; the extensive weaving- 
establishment; the tent-factory; the hand- 
some church ; the English and native schools; 
and the native chapels, close by the city 
gate." 



MAB,TYES OF THE MUTINY. 97 

What a change was wrought on this 
happy scene within a fev/ short months ! 
'^ They are all gone now, — plundered, broken, 
and burned. Sir Colin Campbell, in January 
last, planted his camp upon the mission-pre- 
mises, and found those pleasant homes where 
prayer had been offered, wise counsels fol- 
lowed, and plans adopted for the conversion 
of the heathen, with their blackened walls fit 
only to be the stables of the English Lancers !" 

Mr. Fullerton, visiting the place after 
the mutiny had been quelled, says, ^'I 
went to the little church in which our first 
annual meeting was held during my last 
visit to this station, and where only two 
short years ago I spent one of the most 
delightful communion-Sabbaths it has ever 
been my lot to enjoy. But where are my 
fellow- communicants, who sat down with 
me then at the table of the Lord? The 
Freemans, the Campbells, the Johnsons, and 
our other missionary brethren ? The young 
convert who that day renounced the re- 
ligion of the false prophet and with tears of 
penitence cast in his lot with the people of 



98 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

Grod? Poor Babar Khan, who wept for joy 
over a brother who was lost and found ? and 
poor Dhonkal ? The large number of native 
brethren who partook with us of the feast 
which was spread for us ? 

" ' All are scatter'd now and fled, 
Some are living — some are dead ; 
And when, I ask, with throbs of pain, 
When shall all these meet again ?' — 

The roofless building and the blackened 
walls reply, Never, until we eat bread in our 
Father's house above." 

When the news of the dreadful acts of the 
mutineers reached the Christian band at 
Futteghur, and gradually the wave of mas- 
sacre seemed rollina; on to their own dwell- 
ings, deep pain and bitter anguish fell upon 
them. Says Mr. Walsh, ^'They met and 
prayed; they sought to devise means of 
escape, and counselled together as to what 
appeared to be the best plan. But, not re- 
lying on these, they daily and hourly impor- 
tuned God for wisdom and direction. As 
we attempt to recall their feelings and 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 99 

thoughts, as expressed in their letters, our 
hearts are filled with sorrow. Rumor after 
rumor was borne to them of the approach 
of the revolted troops that were carrying 
fire and blood through Northern India. The 
suspense was terrible. They knew not at 
what moment they might be murdered. Day 
after day they had to realize death, and that, 
too, in a most cruel and bloody form. Night 
after night they were kept in this state of 
alarm. The Mussulmans gnashed their teeth 
at them, saying, ' Where is your Jesus now? 
We will shortly show what will become of 
infidel dogs.' " 

Only those who heard this can appreciate 
the horror and sadness it caused to the hearts 
of those who had gone thither to carry to 
these men the glad news of salvation by 
Jesus. They would not and could not 
leave the native Christians unless forced to 
do it. Though danger threatened the na- 
tives less than foreigners, yet how could 
they part from those over whom God had 
placed them as overseers? How touching 
and heroic is their behavior viewed in this 



100 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

light ! To figlit and die amid loyal friends 
and followers is a small thing, compared 
with the fortitude shown in lying down 
night after night with mutinous and mur- 
derous men, ready and anxious to dye their 
hands in the blood of Christians. It has 
been thought a proof of high courage to 
advance against hostile batteries ; but how 
much more heroic to stand alone amid yell- 
ing and blood-thirsty enemies, rather than 
desert one's post ! " They have their re- 
ward!" Through all these distressing ex- 
periences, with the doom of a horrible death 
hanging over them, they never lost their 
confidence in the Saviour nor repined at the 
will of God. " What is to become of us and 
the Lord's work in this land," wrote Mr. 
McMullen, in the midst of the excitement, 
'^ we cannot tell ; bid He reignetk; and in 
him we will rejoice f 

''Although," wrote Mrs. Johnson, — and let 
her golden words be perpetuated through all 
time, — "Although WE may be called upon 

TO PART W^ITH LIFE FOR ChRIST AND HIS 

cause, may we not glorify God more by 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 101 

OUE DEATHS THAN BY OUE LIVES? Each 

day we look upon as our last upon earth; 
but, oh, how delightful are our seasons of 
prayer together, imploring the care and 
protection of God, who alone can save us !" 
^'We have no place to flee for shelter," 
wrote Mrs. Freeman, '^ but under the covert 
of his wings; and there we are safe. Not 
but that he may suffer our bodies to be 
slain ; and if he does, we know he has wise 
reasons for it. I sometimes think our deaths 
ivould do m^ore good than ive would do 
in all OUT lives. If so, his will be done. 
Should I be called to lay down my 

LIFE, DO not GEIEVE THAT I CAME HEEE; 
FOE MOST JOYFULLY WILL I DIE FOE HiM 
WHO LAID DOWN HIS LIFE FOE ME." 

How beautifully does the brave old mar- 
tyr-spirit shine forth in these two weak and 
trusting women, who could resignedly and 
even joyfully pen such professions of faith 
when surrounded by dangers so imminent 
and horrible ! 

" There were no European troops at Fut- 
teghur, and only one native regiment, which 

9* 



102 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

was considered more stauncli than other 
native regiments from the fact that it had 
served in Burmah and distinguished itself 
for its fidelity in the late war. The alarm 
felt was from the large bodies of mutineers 
either from Delhi, Bareilly, or Oude, who it 
was rumored were near and might attack 
them at any moment. They kept a constant 
watch, patrolled their bungalows every 
night, and kept their horses harnessed and 
ready for flight. On the 3d of June, inform- 
ation was received at Futteghur that the 
troops at Bareilly and Shahjehanpore, only 
forty miles distant, had mutinied, and that 
a body of the Oude mutineers, consisting of 
an infantry and cavalry corps, were march- 
ing into the station. This caused great 
consternation. 

"At Shahjehanpore the massacre took 
place on the Sabbath evening, during divine 
service. The Rev. J. McCallum, the mis- 
sionary, and the whole congregation, with 
the exception of one who escaped to tell 
their fate, were ruthlessly , slain. Having 
held a consultation on the night of the 3d 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 103 

of June, the Europeans and others at Fut- 
teghur agreed that it was absolutely neces- 
sary to go to Cawnpore, which lay miles 
below them and on the Ganges, and, having 
secured boats, arranged to leave in the morn- 
ing. Our missionaries and their wives and 
children went with the party. But these 
faithful men could not part from their dear 
converts without returning to strengthen and 
encourage them. The noble Campbell left 
the party during the night, went back to 
the mission-house, and walked for several 
hours in the garden with the native brethren, 
exhorting them to keep the faith and sus- 
taining them by his prayers. Ishwuree 
Dass, a native convert, in his narration of 
the outbreak at Futteghur, says, ^'A few 
minutes before the missionary families left 
the premises, I had an interview with 
Messrs. Freeman and Campbell. Mr. Free- 
man had his eyes full of tears. Mr. Camp- 
bell would have rather laid down his life on 
the spot. He did not seem much inclined 
to leave the place, and asked me whether 
they did right in going away. He was 



104 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

anxious on account of Mrs. Campbell (who 
was always of delicate health, and at that 
time more so than usual) and his two little 
children. For his part, he was ready to be 
cut to pieces." 

The party dropped down the Ganges in 
boats. Eight miles from Futteghur, at 
Rawalganj, they found the villagers assem- 
bled on the bank, intent on plunder; but, see- 
ing the Europeans too numerous, they did not 
molest them. A few miles farther on, at Sin- 
garampore, a large body of Sepoys and others 
fired on them, without, however, injuring any 
one. Again, at Kasampore, they received seve- 
ral volleys from the villagers, wounding one 
in the thigh. Pveturning the fire, eight of the 
villagers were killed ; and the boats passed on. 
On the evening of the 6th of June, fastening 
their boat to the shore in order to cook a 
little food, they were surrounded by a large 
party under one of the Indian zemin- 
dars or landholders, and only succeeded in 
getting off by paying him five hundred dol- 
lars. For two days they proceeded towards 
Cawnpore without stoppage, until on the 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 105 

8tli, the water being very low, tliey struck 
on an island five miles from Cawnpore. 
They were unable to communicate with Sir 
Hugh Wheeler, who was closely beset in 
Cawnpore by the demon Nena Sahib, and 
were consequently confined on the island 
four days. On the 12th of June, some 
Sepoys crossed the bridge connecting Oude 
with Cawnpore, and fired on them, killing a 
lady, child, and native nurse. The party 
then deserted the boats and hid themselves 
in the long rushes which grew on the island. 
At length, exhausted from exposure, and 
feeling that their last day on earth had come, 
they prayed, sung, and, having exhorted each 
other, threw their weapons into the river. 
In a short time a boat-load of Sepoys crossed 
over, and, making the party prisoners, con- 
veyed them to the Cawnpore side. Here 
they pleaded their peaceful character to 
their hard-hearted captors. '^ Some few 
were disposed to let them go free; but 
others said, ' No, take them to Nena Sahib, 
and let the unclean foreigners be rooted 
out.' " The latter prevailed. Accordingly, 



106 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

tliey commenced binding with a small cord 
tlie prisoners two by two, husband and wife, 
brother and sister. Mr. Campbell, thus tied 
to his wife, carried in his arms his little boy 
Willie, and a friend carried his little daugh- 
ter Fannie. They were now ready for the 
march. It was almost evening, and they 
were about to start, when Mr. Maclean, an 
English gentleman in the company, made a 
final effort for the release of the party. 
Knowing the Hindoos' intense love of 
money, he offered the Sepoys three hundred 
thousand rupees (one hundred and fifty 
thousand dollars) to give the party their 
freedom. But there was no hesitation 
manifested in the reply made: — "It is 
blood we want, — not money." Thus tied 
together, they were marched towards Cawn- 
pore, and on nearing the town were met by 
three carriages sent, with a refinement of 
barbarity, by Nena Sahib to convey the la- 
dies of the party, who could scarcely walk, to 
the scene of their death. One short hour 
they were shut up in a house by themselves, 
and then were led out on the plain of Cawn- 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 107 

pore, close to the mission-liouse, and all 
ruthlessly shot. Their death was agonizing, 
but not long delayed. Peace be to their 
unburied ashes 1 May their precious names 
never be forgotten ! May the turf ever be 
green on the spot stained with their honored 
blood! May the pearly dew and the re- 
freshing rain fall gently upon the sod ! and, 
while the winds of heaven breathe over it 
soft and low, may a voice ever rise like in- 
cense before the throne of mercy, "Father, 
forgive them ; for they know not what they 
do!" 

The night of sorrow is gone, and the day 
of gladness has dawned brightly upon them. 
The cry of anguish has been turned into 
songs of exultation. The blood-stained mar- 
tyr-garments have been exchanged for robes 
washed and made white in the blood of the 
Lamb. Could the angel who stood by them 
in the dark hour of death reveal all that 
transpired at that moment, — the composure 
with which they laid their dying heads on 
the Saviour's bosom, the accents of love 
which he whispered in their ears, the beams 



108 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

of joy that were slied down upon their trou- 
bled spirits from heaven, and the bright 
visions of heavenly glory that were revealed 
to them, — it would be more than mortal man 
could endure. And, now that they are ex- 
ultant in heaven, counting it their highest 
honor that they were called to suffer a mar- 
tyr's death, why should we not wipe away 
our tears, and rejoice with them that " the 
Lord God Omnipotent reigneth?" 

Such is the affecting memorial of the fate 
of our countrymen. To their friends the 
recollection of their sudden and unexpected 
death must have been cause of bitter agony, 
though tempered by the recollection that Z^Ae?^r 
end was mild, compared with that of hundreds 
of ladies and children,-^some of Britain's fair- 
est flowers. To us, while sadness is mingled 
with admiration at their constant and un- 
daunted spirit, their history presents the 
brightest exemplars of the beauty of the Chris- 
tian life, and of the calm, inexpressible gran- 
deur of the Christian death. How finely has 
the spirit which animated the martyrs at Fut- 
teghurbeen portrayed by a Christian poet! — 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 109 

"The love of Christ doth me constrain 
To seek the wandering souls of men, 
With cries, entreaties, tears, to save. 
To snatch them from the gaping grave. 

** For this let men revile my name : 
No cross I shun, I fear no shame : 
All hail, reproach ! and welcome, pain 
Only thy terrors. Lord, restrain. 

" My life, my blood, I here present, 
If for thy truth they m.\y be spent: 
Fulfil thy sovereign counsel. Lord: 
Thy will be done, thy name adored ! 

'•'Give me thy strength, God of power, 
Then let wjnds blow or thunders roar: 
Thy faithful witness wjll 1 be : 
'Tis fix'd: I CAN do all through thee." 



10 



110 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 



CHAPTER VI. 

Cawnpore — Treacliery of Nena Sahib — Gallant Defence 
of the Garrison — The "Well of Cawnpore" — Frightful 
Scenes — Letters of Rose M. 

Cawnpore was a military station of great 
importance, situated midway between Luck- 
now and Allahabad. At this place there 
was a considerable European settlement, 
consisting of merchants, and civil and mili- 
tary officers of the East India Company. 

On the 17th of May, accounts of the dis- 
aster at Meeroot reached Sir Hugh Wheeler, 
who was in command of this post, — a veteran 
of fifty years' standing, and one of the best 
officers in the Indian army. 

But, though brave as a lion, he had under 
his charge not only the European residents 
of the town, but the families of her Majesty's 
32*d, then at Lucknow; wl^ile, to defend them 
against more than three thousand Sepoys 



MAKTYES OF THE MUTINY. Ill 

and the fierce rabble that filled the town, he 
had only about sixty artillery-men and the 
officers of the native regiments. Every 
possible preparation that time would admit 
of was made. Under all the circumstances, 
the European barracks and hospital-build- 
ings seemed to be the most eligible places 
for shelter ; and these he immediately occu- 
pied, surrounding them with such earthworks 
and defences as the exigencies of the moment 
allowed. 

Near Cawnpore, at Bithooe, there dwelt, 
in great magnificence, one whose perfidy 
and crimes have made his name execrable 
now and forever. This wretched man, who, 
as was before intimated, was a graduate of 
an Anglo-Indian college and a man of great 
literary culture and ability, had begun his 
career of crime by forging the will of a late 
benefactor and robbing his widow of her 
inheritance. By his apparent preference 
for English customs and attainments, and 
by a splendid hospitality to Europeans, 
Nena Sahib had worked himself into the 
good graces of the British civilians and 



112 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

officers, and, among others, of Mr. Hillersdon, 
the collector at Cawnpore. He evinced the 
greatest desire to assist in quelling the re- 
bellion among his countrymen, and, having 
unfortunately been confided in, agreed to 
raise fifteen hundred men and at once aid 
in putting down any rising at Cawnpore. 

On the 21st it became evident that 
the outbreak had commenced. Sir Hugh 
Wheeler at once took measures for the 
safety of the Europeans. They were ga- 
thered into the barracks. The Sepoys re- 
fused to allow the treasure to be removed 
to a place of safety; and at this moment 
Nena Sahib disclosed his true intentions. 
Seizing the treasure, he attacked the bar- 
racks. 

''Then commenced a defence as distin- 
guished for its heroism and patient en- 
durance as for the hideous catastrophe with 
which it closed. The attack was directed 
in person by Nena Sahib. His force — in- 
creased hourly by the arrival of mutineers 
from Allahabad and other sections, and by 
the accession of all the brigands and armed 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 113 

rabble of the district' — was at least ten times 
that of the brave little garrison. E very- 
building that could from any point command 
the barracks was crowded with Sepoys, who 
poured a constant stream of bullets upon 
the devoted garrison, while the artillery 
hurled their deadly missiles upon the frail 
buildings that could not shelter them. 
Their sufferings were fearful. The sick and 
wounded — men, women, and children — were 
crowded together into the smallest possible 
space; and this, under the burning heat of 
an Indian summer, became the keenest tor- 
ture. The wind came like hot air from a 
furnace. All necessaries were supplied in 
small rations ; and water failed them. The 
only well was in the intrenchment. 'Eo 
water could be drawn except in the even- 
ing after the firing had ceased. That was 
the solitary opportunity when in darkness 
they could bury their dead ; and the 
work had to be done in haste. It was a 
nightly work. No day passed without its 
deaths. All ages and all classes had one 
grave, — an old well in one of the intrench- 



114 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

ments. There the survivors hid hurriedly 
the body of child or wife. The rugged sol- 
dier, and the lady who till then had never 
known fatigue, had one common burial- 
place. 

''Few escaped from that bloody siege; but 
there have been preserved diaries and me- 
moranda the most affecting that have ever 
been written, and letters full of comfort to 
those who were living in peace, from writers 
who knew that they were hourly drawing 
near to torture and death." 

From the 13th to the 24th of June 
the gallant defenders held out, — though 
their barracks had been burned, and many 
of their wounded men had perished with 
them. Their water failed. The solitary well 
was dry. Half-rations only were served. 
Soldiers died of their wounds, and ladies 
from sheer fright and exhaustion. On the 
24th the garrison surrendered to Nena 
Sahib, who took a solemn oath on the 
water of the Ganges, the goddess Gunga, 
that he would have them safely conveyed to 
the river, and thence to Allahabad in boats. 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 115 

Scarcely -had they entered the boats with 
the women and children, and, with new 
hopes of life, pushed from the shore, when 
a masked battery was opened upon them 
and the Sepoys began a murderous fire. 
The boatmen deserted them, and the boats, 
with one exception, drifted to the bank, 
where the unhappy fugitives were secured. 
Those men of the party who had not been 
either drowned or shot were carried back 
before Nena Sahib. Here they were drawn 
up to be shot; but before the fatal moment 
a clergyman begged permission to read 
prayers. A few moments were allowed them ; 
and then they were shot down by their 
cruel captors. 

The women and children were shut up in 
one building. We have already seen that 
on the 12th of June Nena Sahib had but- 
chered the one hundred and thirty-six fugi- 
tives from Futteghur. Shortly after his 
massacre of the brave defenders of Cawn- 
pore, ''on hearing," says Havelock, "that 
the bridge on the Pandoo Nuddee had been 
forced, he ordered the immediate massacre 



116 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

of tlie wives and cliildren of our British sol- 
diers still in liis possession; wliicli was car- 
ried out by his followers with every con- 
comitant of barbarous malignity." 

When the gallant Havelock had stormed 
Cawnpore, the soldiers were led to the 
scene of this terrible butchery. '' Barely 
had men looked upon a more sickening 
sight. The very blood in some places of 
the floor went over the soldiers' shoes. 
Steeped in that blood they found locks of 
ladies' hair, leaves of religious books, the 
bonnets and hats of little children and 
their mothers' combs, in strange confusion." 
On the wall were inscribed the messages of 
dying mothers to their countrymen, and 
the pious prayers and hopes of Christian 
believers. 

Outside the house was- the well,* into 
which the dead had been thrown for burial, 
and the wounded for death. Their corpses 
had been heaped together, and were still 
uncovered ! 

* See illustration. 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 117 

Among the Futtegliur fugitives who were 
sacrificed by the treachery of Nena Sahib 
was a family consisting of a gentleman 
who was a lieutenant in the Bengal En- 
gineers, his pious lady, and their child. 
About a fortnight before their massacre, 
this Christian lady wrote to her relatives in 
England a full record of the dreadful cir- 
cumstances in which they were placed, 
when anticipating from their infuriated 
enemies the horrible death which awaited 
them. Their letters were originally printed 
for private circulation; and those who have 
been permitted to see them, while feeling 
the deepest sorrow, have at the same time 
felt the utmost gratitude in the perusal 
of these satisfactory proofs that the Lord 
was present with his servants when about 
to fall under the weapons of their sangui- 
nary foes. They are, indeed, calculated to 
fulfil the purpose for which they were first 
issued, — ^Ho soothe and comfort many hearts 
lacerated by the sore bereavements of this 
time of trial, or trembling under intense 



118 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

anxiety," and to ''be a lamp to guide many 
into the way of peace." 

Although they were at first intended to 
meet the eyes of relatives and friends, they 
have been so highly prized for the evidence 
they furnish of the power of the divine 
grace to make the heart triumphant over 
the fear of death in its most horrid forms, 
that they ought no longer to be withheld 
from the public. In deference to the feel- 
ings of the affiicted relatives of the writer, 
her name is withheld ; and it is hoped that 
they will feel some satisfaction in knowing 
that many will now receive instruction and 
comfort from the words in which she, " be- 
ing dead, yet speaketh," and testifies to 
the power of a living faith in a living 
Saviour. 

The first of these letters is dated — 

"FuTTEGHUE, May 16, 1857. 

''My own deaeest Papa: — You will all, 
I fear, be in a state of great alarm about us, 
as you must have seen from the papers what 
a sad feeling is rising in this part of the 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 119 

country among our native troops, and tlie 
fearful position we are placed in, not know- 
ing how to act or what to do, and greatly- 
fearing a general insurrection. 

" The Meeroot dak (post) was stopped for 
four days ; and the natives have been assas- 
sinating all the English they could get hold 
of, women and children not being spared. 

'^ We hear that Mrs. C. has left Mynpoory 
in fear and gone to Agra, and that the W.s 
have come here; though I fear we are not a 
bit better off, as there are no English troops 
here either. 

'' People are in a state of great alarm ; 
and we are perfectly helpless should the 
natives rise here. I suppose all the ladies 
would have to go to the fort ; but our house 
is a very long way from it. John has been 
loading his gun and rifle, as it is not safe to 
be without them loaded : one's life is not 
certain for a day. He was going down his 
road on Monday, but thinks now it will be 
his duty to stay here, in case of an outbreak, 
for all hands would be wanted. 

'' I think John feels much the state of 



120 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

things, and thinks our Government are to 
be blamed for giving the natives secular edu- 
cation without religious, which only arms 
them with power which may be turned 
against us. But I trust God will pardon 
us, and not pour his fury upon us for all 
our forgetfulness of him. Last year, he 
sent us the pestilence ; now, we are trem- 
bling lest his sword should be drawn out ; 
but I trust w^e may be stirred up to call 
upon God, and be reminded wherein our 
great strength lies. 

^' We have been searching out the beauti- 
ful Scripture passages in which God has 
promised deliverance from our enemies, and 
wisdom to know how to act in cases of 
danger. How doubly precious are such pass- 
ages, and with what force do they come at 
the time of need ! None ever called upon 
the Lord in trouble but they were delivered : 
so I trust we may turn unto him with deep 
contrition, and beseech him to glorify his 
great name and show his power among the 
heathen. 

''We cannot say, 'Pray for us.' Ere 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 121 

you get this we shall be delivered, one way 
or another. Should we be cut to pieces, 
you have, my precious parents, the know- 
ledge that we go to be with Jesus, and can 
picture us happier and holier than in this 
distant land: therefore, why should you 
grieve for us? You know not what may 
befall us here; but there you know all is 
joy and peace, and we shall not be lost, but 
gone before you. And should our lives be 
spared, I trust we may live more as the 
children of the Most High, and think less 
about hedging ourselves in with comforts 
which may vanish in a moment. Truly, 
' this is not your rest,' is more written on 
every thing in India than elsewherQ; but, 
comforting thought ! in heaven we have an 
enduring substance; and the more, in God's 
providence, we are led to feel this, the hap- 
pier we shall be, even below. 

" Do not be over-anxious about us, dear 
relatives and friends. In India we have 
the same Kuler, the same merciful Keeper, 
in the Almighty; and you have implored 

11 



122 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

him to be gracious to us, thougli you knew 
not our danger. 

" We are quite well, I am thankful to say; 
but mucli sickness is about, and this year 
also promises to be an unhealthy one. I 
hope you will get this letter. How is it we 
have heard from no one this mail? I trust 
no news is good news. 

" Mary is quite well again, and cutting 
her last tooth. We have now really got the 
hot weather : it has set in late. 

'^Good-bye, my own dear parents, sisters, 
and friends. The Lord reigns ! He sitteth 
above the water-flood ! We are in the hol- 
low of his hand, and nothing can harm us. 
The body may become a prey, but the souls 
that he has redeemed never can. 
''With much love, 

''Your own devoted child, 

" EosE M." 

" FuTTEGHUK, May 21, 1857. 

" My own beloved Family: — It maybe 
interesting to you to receive a full account 
of our state of mind during this alarming 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 123 

time : so I will commence giving you par- 
ticulars, and liope it may not only arouse 
your interest and sympathy, but also your 
thankfulness to Almighty God for giving us 
strength according to our day and supporting 
us under such heavy tidings. We certainly 
have been on the verge of an awful precipice, 
from which it would have appeared there 
could be no escape ; and, thinking of the few 
European troops in India in the case of a 
general insurrection, we could not have stood. 
Last week we heard there was a bad feeling 
amongst the troops at Meeroot, on account 
of the cartridges. 

'^ On Saturday, Dr. Maltby came to lance 
Mary's gums, and asked if we had heard of 
the dreadful massacre at Meeroot. Upon 
our replying, 'No,' he read us an account 
of the murders there. The news shocked us 
much; and poor John felt that he could not 
attend to road-work. He received a letter 
from Major W. about the roads, but com- 
mencing, ' If reports are true, we shall have 
to fight, instead of attending to road-work.' 
We could not eat much breakfast, and went 



/' 



124 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

to our room, as is our custom, to read and 
pray together. Jolin read an appropriate 
chapter : we then searched for others, and 
very many comforting ones we found, and 
then in prayer committed our lives to God. 
In the middle of the day we received a letter 
from Colonel S., (commanding the station 
troops,) saying, if any thing serious, or likely 
to be serious, occurred, a gun would be fired, 
so that we might fly to the colonel's pucca- 
house, and that we were to hold ourselves in 
readiness to fly any hour of the day or night 
that we might hear it. 

''John then loaded his gun and rifle; and 
as we knew we could not well hear the gun 
out here, we thought, if there was any like- 
lihood of danger, we had better go at once 
into the station, for we knew theL.'s would 
take us in. We first determined to go over 
to the missionaries, and see what thev 
thought of doing, as we should not like to 
leave them all alone, especially as they had 
no arms. We found they had invited the 
other two American missionaries to come up 
and stay with them, as they lived in a soli- 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 125 

tary road leading into tlie city. We deter- 
mined all should come and live in our pucca- 
house, (as there is danger in a bungalow 
being set on firej or go into the station. 
Accordingly, all went into the station, to 
gather what news we could, and then agreed 
to return and consult together where we 
should go for the night. The panic was 
very great; carriages and buggies crowding 
to the S.'s and P.'s, the natives, seemingly, all 
on the alert. Guns were entering the colonel's 
compound, and the whole place seemed in a 
commotion. The report was that the in- 
surgents — who had murdered nearly every 
one in Delhi, and. got possession of it — were 
on their way to Futteghur; and we knew 
that it would be scarcely probable, in case 
of so large a body coming on us suddenly, 
that our troops would stand; and, should 
they join the insurgents, escape would be 
impossible, we having no European troops 
here. After returning to the missionaries' 
house, and having prayed and read together, 
(a little company of ten,) we determined to 

go into the station. John and I went home, 

11* 



126 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

took Mary out of bed, got into the double- 
seated buggy witli the Ayah : this was nine 
o'clock in the evening, and the picket sta- 
tioned in one of the roads would not at first 
allow us to pass. We went to the L.'s, who 
had just gone into their bedroom: they re- 
ceived us most kindly. We told them two 
missionaries and their wives were coming to 
them for protection, and would occupy their 
spare rooms; but we would be very happy 
if they would allow us to sleep on the floor 
in Mr. L.'s dressing-room, — which we did, 
John sleeping with his revolver by his side. 
We made a bed on two chairs for Mary. In 
the morning (Sunday) we heard several bad 
reports : one, that another jail was broken 
open; that the Meeroot one was, is true, — 
and many confined therein were murderers. 
We went to church : very few people were 
there, and fear seemed written on every face : 
it was most noticeable : everybody felt that 
death was staring them in the face, and 
every countenance was pale. Our church- 
service and the lessons seemed quite suited 
to our circumstances ; and I am sure all who 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 127 

were in God's house must have felt comfort 
in pouring out their hearts together. 

"Mr. Fisher preached on the text, 'What 
time I am afraid, I will trust in thee.' After 
church, we breakfasted; then all the gen- 
tlemen at the station met at the magistrate's 
bungalow, to determine what steps to take 
on the approach of the enemy. It was 
agreed, and notices sent round to that effect, 
that, upon the gun firing twice, every one 
should rush to the fort, which would be vic- 
tualled beforehand in case of any thing 
occurring. There was no evening service, 
as it was thought dangerous for us to leave 
our bungalow; but the missionaries staying 
with us read and prayed with us, and the 
remainder of the time we sang hymns. 

'^ Sunday evening we got news that the 
insurgents were all in Delhi, — that they had 
got possession of the fort, and did not in- 
tend leaving it. This news relieved every- 
body : for my own part, I suppose I felt the 
reaction, for I felt more sad than I had done 
before. I felt that I had been so living in 
the unseen world, and that now I was brought 



128 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

back to earth again. However, our repose 
was not to last long. 

^^ Monday, May 18. — We got news from 
Shahjehanpore that some bungalows had 
been burned, and it was thought perhaps 
the regiment there might have mutinied: 
so it was agreed that four of the gentlemen 
(including John) should go over, armed, to 
a place called Allyghur, to try and raise 
troops in the district, and, if necessary, to 
check the progress of the insurgents. 

^^ May 19. — At three o'clock in the morn- 
ing the party started, and I went into Mrs. 
L.'s room to console her; for there was no 
knowing if our husbands' lives might or 
might not be spared. Mrs. P. had asked us 
to come and stay with them while John and 
Mr. L. were away : so we went there. 

^^ May 20. — We heard that it was all 
pretty quiet at Shahjehanpore, and that 
staying out might only excite suspicion: 
so they were relieved from their hot situa- 
tion, (being in a tent,) and ordered to return, 
which they did that evening. 

^'Thursday, May 21. — Hearing that the 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 129 

insurgents still held Dellii in tlieir hands, 
and would not be likely to leave it to come 
to us, John and I returned to our house. 

^'May 22. — Could not settle to any thing. 
John received very few public letters, and 
felt disinclined to attend to roads, &c., and 
I also felt unsettled. In the evening, went 
into the station to hear if any news had 
been received. Walked in the park with 
Mr. E., who told us that the Agra and 
Mynpoory dak was not in. On our way 
home, called at Mr. P.'s, (magistrate;) found 
most of the gentlemen at the station there, 
and noticed sad news written on their coun- 
tenances. I went in to the ladies, and John 
stayed outside with the gentlemen. I had 
to send and hurry John, as there is a guard 
of Sepoys on the road leading out of the 
station, to prevent any one coining in at 
night, and I was afraid we should not be 
able to get home to our little one. John 
told me in the buggy that Mr. P. thought 
all was up with us, as he had news that the 
9th, of Allyghur, of whom every one thought 
so well, had mutinied, and were marching 



130 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

down upon us. If you look at the map, 
you will see how near we are to that place. 
Things looked black, and every one thought 
so; and we were ordered not to stir out of 
our bungalows that night unless a gun 
fired, when we were all to rush to the 
station. After looking at the map, we began 
to consider whether escape out of the station 
would be advisable, as it seemed impossible 
that we could reach the fort or the colonel's 
in safety ; but we thought we could not be 
sure of any place, and that it would be 
worse to be murdered on the roads and 
one, perhaps, left solitary. Went into our 
room, and committed ourselves to the Al- 
mighty. 

^^ Saturday, May 23. — Early in the morn- 
ing, we met, as we were desired, at Mr. P.'s. 
The colonel returned from haranguing the 
troops, who still faithfully promised to stand 
by us : he said nothing further could be 
done; that if we should hear for certain 
that the enemy was coming on us in Futte- 
ghur, then something should be done. 
,''We can now only throw ourselves on 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 131 

Providence, and beseecli him. in his mercy to 
stay the enemy for the glory of his great 
name; for 'wherefore should the heathen 
say, Where is now their God?' We have 
nothing to put our trust in but the Lord; 
and he will not fail us. Our extremity may 
be his opportunity. We are quite prepared 
for the worst, and feel that to depart and 
be with Christ is far better. The flesh a 
little revolts from cold-blooded assassina- 
tion, but God can make it bear up. I can 
easily fancy how David preferred to fall into 
the hand of God to that of man. 

''There are a good many bad men in the 
city, ready at any time to rise ; and from them 
our lives and property are not safe. After 
breakfast, we read and prayed as usual, 
took a nap, repeated all the comforting 
texts we could think of, and have since been 
singing hymns. 

" We feel that in the position in wdiicli we 

are placed, with our lives in our hand, 

■ (though — happy thought ! — they are in God's 

hand too,) and death pursuing us, this is 

all we can do, and the only way of keeping 



132 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

our minds quiet. Truly have we found that 
promise fuliilled to us, — 'Thou wilt keep 
him in perfect peace whose mind is stayed on 
thee.' Much comfort have we in religion: 
without it, especially at such a time as this, 
we should be miserable. At three o'clock 
that afternoon, we went over to the mission- 
aries, found that the two from the city had 
again fled to the others, (there were four 
families of the American Presbyterian mis- 
sionaries in Futteghur,) and agreed to sleep 
in the same bungalow, that, if any thing 
occurred, they might die together or escape 
together. They wanted us to stay with 
them, but we thought that the insurgents 
could not be down upon us so soon from 
Allyghur. We agreed that if the gun 
fired it would be useless attempting to es- 
cape to the colonel's: so we thought of 
slip|)ing away out of the station, and going, 
porh;i{)s, to Chibramhow, to the Moonsif 
there, who knew Mr. M. and professes to 
have much interest in John, and asking him 
to hide us. The missionaries thouajht of 
borrowiniJ!: the native women's chuddahs, 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 133 

(the sheet they throw over their heads,) and 
escaping with the native Christians to some 
zemindar in a near village, who said he 
would protect them if necessary. 

"June 1. — A week has passed since 
writing the above, and one of great sus- 
pense : several bad rumors and reports have 
been afloat, but we have not given much 
heed to them, not wishing to have our minds 
disturbed. Every evening we have had tea 
with the missionaries, and spent the evening 
in prayer, praise, and reading the Scrip- 
tures. I was in hopes before the mail went, 
to be able to tell you something about the 
battle at Delhi, on which so much depends : 
there was a report that it had been retaken, 
but I believe it is not true. 

"The Lieutenant-Governor, Mr. C, has 
shown much wisdom and energy in these 
trying times, when every one should do their 
best to put a stop as quickly as possible to 
such a rising. We can only hope it is not 
general, and that troops from England will 
be sent us, and that we shall never again be 
left to the mercy of native troops. Though 

12 



134 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

every thing seems quiet here, yet we have 
had the insurgents very close; and Futte- 
ghur is a large city, should the bad people 
in it be inclined to rise, setting apart the 
Sepoys ; and we have no European regiment 
here, and the gentry are not, as in other 
places, making preparations in case of dan- 
ger, for fear of exciting suspicion and mu- 
tiny. But every one seems to think, in case 
of danger, we should not be safe in the fort, 
and could not defend it. Each family seems 
to have planned their own way of escape 
in case they have to flee for their lives. 
Some families have taken boats between 
them, and intend escaping down the river; 
but we think the only thing would be to 
hide ourselves in some native hut, or some- 
where, until the insurgents have done all 
the harm they wish in the station; for, 
although places below are quiet, yet they 
are in the same uncertainty and suspense as 
ourselves, and there is no saying how long 
they will keep so. The dak (mail) up coun- 
try is not open, so we do not know how our 
dear friends are, or how Henry and Charlotte 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 135 

are. We trust the Punjaub is quiet : it was; 
but there is no saying how the contagion 
may have spread. For a few days last week 
we had some delightful rain, and people 
began to think the rains were beginning 
very early ; but it all passed off, and we are 
having it very hot, so that, what with the 
heat and constant fear, we cannot sleep 
much at night. The rain seems to have 
been providentially sent to expedite the 
marching of our troops. Why they have 
not arrived at Delhi and commenced and 
finished their attack, we cannot think, and 
are sadly afraid that the enemy will slip 
through their fingers ; but we cannot get 
tidings of them yet. 

^'How we shall value peace and security, 
if we can ever feel them again ! Some 
gentlemen say India will never feel secure 
again; but I trust we may, though I fear 
our lives will for some time be in danger. 
All the bad people in the country seem 
ready to rise, and only waiting for an ex- 
cuse, and many murderers have been let 
loose amongst us by the opening of the jail. 



136 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

Mr. Power is defending Mynpoory nobly, 
and John's sergeant there is going about 
trying to keep down the robbers. 

''How little do our dear ones in England 
know what is befalling us here ! But they 
have told us they always pray for us ; and 
the same heavenly Father is watching over 
us both. The Lord is our refuge and strength, 
a very present help in time of trouble : so we 
will not fear : and do not you fear, dear ones. 
You may indeed pity those who have no 
God to go to, and no hope beyond this world; 
but we have made the Most High our de- 
fence, and know that we shall not be greatly 
moved. He will not suffer the heathen to 
prevail, though he may appear to do so; 
but his kingdom shall come, and though we 
may be removed, he can raise up others. 
And what does death, or rather what does 
not death, do for God's children ? they go to 
their reconciled Father in Christ Jesus, — to 
a land of purity, happiness, and holiness. 

"We have not heard of our cousins C. W. 
and C. E. : the officers in their regiment do 
not appear to have escaped ; but we sincerely 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 137 

trust they have, as they intended going to 
the Dhoons for last month's shooting, and 
were not to return till the 29th. 

''I suppose every bungalow at Delhi, 
Meeroot, and Etah is burned down. I am 
thankful to say we are all well. Dear Mary, 
as I told you before, has been dangerously 
ill; but she is, I am thankful to say, quite 
well now. I am feeling better just now 
than I generally do in my state. God's 
hands are indeed underneath us, supporting 
our bodies and comforting our souls. I fear 
I could not do much in the flying way now; 
but as my day, so shall my strength be ; 
and I do not fear any thing that may come 
upon us, so that quietness and assurance 
under a Father's protection and smiles may 
ever be given us. We try not to let those 
around us see that we do not feel safe : we 
drive out, to give confidence to the people, 
and I always try to wear a smiling face, 
though one sees strange ■ faces and knots of 
armed men about. 

''I hope, my precious family, you will not 
alarm yourselves about us; we are in God's 

12* 



138 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

hands, and feel very happy : indeed we do. 
I leave the newspapers to tell you all par- 
ticular horrors, but I would always cheer 
you by my letters. It has not been my 
habit to write our troubles home ; and may- 
be you think that John and I have had 
none ; for why should we distress you with 
them? We know we have your love and 
sympathy, but that, before your letters 
reach us, we may have had deliverance from 
every fear and trouble ; and we have One 
on whom we cast all our care, and from 
whom we receive immediate consolation and, 
in his own time, relief. He has delivered 
us from troubles past, and will also in pre- 
sent and future difficulties : so, dear parents, 
brothers, and sisters, leave us in God's 
hands, fearing no evil : all is well, and all 
will be well with us : living or dying, we are 
the Lord's. Let this be your happy assu- 
rance : you will either have your children, 
your brother and sister, living on earth, to 
praise G-od for his deliverance, or dwelling 
in heaven, to praise him for all the riches 
of his grace. 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 139 

"I often wisli our dear Mary was now in 
England; but God can take care of her too, 
or lie will save her from troubles to come, 
by removing her to himself. God bless you, 
my dear relatives and friends ; and may we 
all meet above ! 

'^ I am so thankful that I came out to 
India to be a comfort to my beloved John, 
and a companion to one who has so given 
his heart to the Lord ! 

^^The circumstances and positions in which 
we have been placed, during our sojourn in 
India, have made the promises of God's 
word so sweet, and the consolations of re- 
ligion so unspeakably great, besides endear- 
ing us to one another in a degree and way 
which a quiet English home might not have 
done. "We shall have been married three 
years on the 29th of this month. Think of 
us on that day. With much love from us both, 

'^Believe me, your ever affectionate one, 

'^EosE M." 

We add an extract from a letter dated 
21st May, to a lady at Chunar, who had 



140 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

written to beg Mr. and Mrs. M. to join her 
at the fort, as being a safer place : — 

'' I think and trust you will be safe in 
such a good fort as Ohunar. Thank you for 
wishing us to fly to it; but duty would 
oblige my husband to remain where he is, 
and we only hope he will be useful; for 
every military man should hold himself 
ready to serve his country's cause if called 
upon; and I would not think of leaving 
him, as I should be miserable away from 
him, and would rather die with him than 
escape and not know how he is faring. 

" We must ever remember that the Lord, 
who ruleth the raging of the people, is our 
only fort and place of security. It may be of 
his wisdom ordained that our bodies perish: 
if so, we would give them up willingly, — for 
our souls no one can destroy, and they would 
only be ushered into everlasting glory. 

" John and I feel quite composed, for we 
know that a hair of our heads cannot fall to 
the ground without his knowledge : we are 
in his hands for life or death, and only seek 
that his great name may be glorified." 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 141 

Well may an eloquent and pious writer, 
in Ills comments on these affecting records, 
say, '^ We have conveyed but a very im- 
perfect idea of the profound faith, the great 
composure, the thoughtful tenderness, and 
the pure love, which look out from every 
line. We have no idea who the writer was ; 
but this we know, that she has added one 
more to the long martyr-roll of Christian 
women, whose calm and saint-like faces have 
blanched no jot, nor quivered in one nerve, 
at the sight of torture and the sword, and 
whose deaths remain a glory and a posses- 
sion for the whole Church." 

Surely we need add nothing to these pre- 
cious words from the pen of this sainted 
lady, — words suffused with love to her Sa- 
viour and resignation to his will. 

The writer, with those whom she loved 
so dearly, together with the missionaries, 
fell under the volleys of the blood-thirsty 
followers of Nena Sahib at Cawnpore, whither 
they had gone by boat with the EngHsh resi- 
dents of Futteghur. 



142 MAETYPS OF THE MUTINY. 



CHAPTER VII. 

The Mission in the Jungle — Gorruckpoor — Indian Bloa- 
soms — The Protection of the Government withdrawn 
— The English Residents leave the Town — Farewell of 
the Missionary to the Native Christians — Trials of 
Native Christians — Happy Reunion — Allahabad — Re- 
volt of the Sepoys — Murder of Officers and Europeans 
— Treatment of Native Christians — Gopee Nauth 
Nundy — Another Hindoo convert. 

In the year 1824, a mission was instituted 
at Gorruckpoor, in Bengal. Lord William 
Bentinck, whose name is prominent among 
the many noble supporters of the missionary 
work in India, granted to this mission a 
large tract of unreclaimed forest-land. Here, 
in the wild jungle, where once the roar of 
wild beasts and the chattering of monkeys 
were the only sounds which broke the stern 
repose, soon rose the modest dwellings of the 
missionaries from far off-lands, who had come 
to plant the seed of the word amid these 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 143 

desert scenes ; and from them the Christian 
song of praise fell on the ear with sweet and 
hallowed cadence. 

The mission was very prosperous, and in 
the rebellion furnished ample evidences 
that the word had taken deep root and was 
flourishing in full vigor in the hearts of 
the converts. The Kev. Michael Wilkinson, 
who was connected with the mission at its 
outset, published in 1844 a little work 
giving an account of some of these ^' Indian 
Blossoms." 

One letter out of several addressed to him 
when leaving for England may not be un- 
interesting. It evinces deep piety, and 
anxiety for the progress of the truth among 
the countrymen of the writer. It is written 
by a native of Gorruckpoor, and has the 
figurative luxuriance of an Oriental pen- 
man : — 

'^Holy father, peace be with you ! 

'' You are going to the land of your 
fathers. May your health be soon restored, 
and quickly may you come back to us ! 

^' Our earthly paradise is darkened with 



144 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

tlie cloud of gloom that liangs over it. The 
carpet of sin is spread over the face of the 
earth, and thousands are running over it to 
the region of eternal woe. Oh, when will 
the cloud be dispersed, and the carpet of life 
be spread ? In the natural heavens the sun 
on the horizon is the liarbino;er of a bright 
and clear day. As he rises in his strength^ 
the clouds are rent and retire to their watery 
bed, and the earth is covered with light as 
with a garment. Beautiful emblem of Jesus, 
the Sun of Pvighteousness ! whose rising and 
whose rest will bring on the glorious day 
when, as Isaiah prophesies, 'the light of the 
moon shall be as the light of the sun, and 
the light of the sun shall be sevenfold, as the 
light of seven days.' We have seen that 
sun on the horizon ; but its progress is slow 
towards its full height. What impedes it? 
We read in the sacred pages that in the 
days of King Joshua, God commanded, 'Sun, 
stand thou still!' And there was a cause; 
for the Lord fought for Israel. But at 
whose command stands still the Sun of 
Righteousness ? Was it light sent forth 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 145 

but to mock us? Are the prayers of the 
faithful wanting? Is the chariot of the 
gospel stopped for want of horses and men 
to draw it? Why shines the sun in its full 
blaze of brightness on the land whence you 
came and whither you are going ? Oh, you 
who bask in its blaze, to you it is said, 
'Arise, shine; for thy light is come.' It is 
written, 'No man, having lighted a candle, 
putteth it under a bushel,' &c. To do so 
is unwise as well as ungenerous; because 
the light may go out and you yourselves be 
left in the dark. These are the thoughts 
of an aG;ed creature of God. who Ion 2; walked 
in darkness, but into whose heart the Day- 
spring from on high has shone, and daily 
offers up his fervent cry that that light may 
increase more and more unto the perfect 
day, as saith wise King Solomon, and hopes 
at length to be like the woman in the last 
revelation of the mystery of God, Ibrever 
fixed in the sun. 

''The salutation of Sheikh Razi-oo-Doen, 
your own chikl in Christ Jesus. 

"GORRUCKPOOU, 1840." 

1.3 



146 MART YES OF THE MUTINY. 

Gorruckpoor was situated in the heart of 
the mutinous district; and the Government, 
finding it impossible to maintain a sufficient 
force to protect it, sent a circular informing 
the English residents that protection would 
cease to be afi'orded on the 13th of August. 
The Eev. H. Stern, who was the missionary 
here, thus writes: — 

'^ I have now the sad duty to inform you 
that Government and all the English resi- 
dents have marched out of Gorruckpoor, 
under the protection of the Goorkah force, 
and encamped on the other side of the river. 
At three o'clock p.m. on the 13th inst., Eng- 
lish protection ceased to be affi^rded to any 
individual in Gorruckpoor, as we were in- 
formed by a circular from the authorities. 
No choice, therefore, was left to me but to 
pack a few things together and follow the 
English flag wherever it may be planted. 
It was a very sad sight, thus in one long 
procession to leave the station; and I could 
uot help thinking of King David when he, 
with his nobles, fled from his son Absalom. 

''Here we are, then, in camp these two 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 147 

days, within sight of Gorruckpoor; and, if 
the report prove true, we are to march on 
to-morrow. As to the mission, I have made 
such arrangements as I could under the cir- 
cumstances. The schools were closed the 
day before we left; and the whole mission 
property in Grorruckpoor, together with Ba- 
sharatpoor, and every thing belonging to that 
establishment, were made over by me to the 
rajah of Gopalpoor, one of those rajahs who 
have hitherto assisted Government in the 
suppression of disturbances, and to whom 
the authorities made over the whole station 
and district. The rajah of Gopalpoor has 
agreed to protect the mission property, 
and to afford every assistance and protection 
to the native Christians residing at Basha- 
ratpoor ; and I have agreed — of course on my 
own authority (for there was no time allowed 
to write to Calcutta) — to make over all the 
revenue of Basharatpoor for one year to the 
rajah. As soon as we return, (which I trust 
may be after a short time,) the rajah will 
make over the property to me, or my suc- 
cessor. All this is written down on paper, 



148 MAKTYKS OF THE MUTINY. 

and a copy, witli my signature and diaries 
Bass's, is in the rajah's hands, and the copy 
with the rajah's signature and seal is in my 
hands. 

''Since the 13th inst., a guard of twelve 
men has been stationed at Basharatpoor. 
There are left there one hundred and sixty- 
two Christian souls : the rest are partly with 
me as servants, or have found employment 
with some gentlemen; and three families 
proceeded down the river in charge of some 
property belonging to the judge. 

" Yesterday afternoon I visited the village 
for the last time. The whole number col- 
lected in the catechist's house, where I read 
the 71st Psalm and offered up a prayer. 
When I departed, the whole number broke 
out in tears, especially the women and chil- 
dren. It was a most affecting scene, and I 
had great difficulty myself to remain firm. 
I hope I may see them all again after a 
short interval. I have made them over to 
the Lord, who can move the heart of the 
rajah to remain faithfiil to his word, and to 
protect the Christian flock now in the wil- 



MAKTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 149 

derness without a shepherd. I cannot help 
feeling most sad at leaving these poor 
Christians behind. I trust I have done to 
the best of my judgment. Should any evil 
befall them, — which the Lord forbid ! — may 
it not be laid to my charge !" 

These Christian converts were exposed 
during the two succeeding months to great 
persecution ; but, out of more than one hun- 
dred and sixty, the seven whom the mis- 
sionary mentions in the following account 
seem to have been the only ones who 
faltered : — ■ 

*' During one dacoity, (inroad of armed 
men,) one of the Christians received a deep 
sword-cut in his back; others were beaten; 
the women, who usually ran into the jungle, 
were abused ; and the catechist in charge, 
E-aphael, seems to have been particularly 
exposed to the fury of the enemy. The 
maltreatment which he received very much 
hastened his death, which happened on the 
12th of October. A few days after this their 
best bullocks were seized, and several of the 
men carried before the chakladar, who kept 

13* 



150 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

t^em prisoners for two days. On learning 
that they were Christians, he ordered them 
to deny their faith and become Mussulmans. 
Gne of the chakladar's men then interfered, 
and said that these Christians had been 
neither Hindoos nor Mussulmans, but were 
brought up as orphans in the Christian re- 
ligion, and would therefore not be received 
by either of these persuasions. 

'^ Nevertheless, the chakladar insisted on 
their becoming Mohammedans, and re- 
quested them to look out for a maulvi, (Mo- 
hammedan priest.) The seven Christians, 
as they tell me, appeared to consent to this 
arrangement. Upon this they were allowed 
to go to their homes. When they got there, 
they told their brethren what had happened. 
They then consulted together what to do. 
They left in small parties, by stealth at 
night, during several successive days, the 
first party leaving on the 20th of October. 
After they had agreed to meet at a place 
called Shahpoor, to the east of Corruckpoor, 
and beyond the boundary of their district, 
they all took the road through the" jungle. 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 151 

and, after three days' travelling, they all 
reached Shahpoor in safety, only one party 
being robbed on the road. The others saved 
a few clothes; and some even escaped with 
their carts and a pair of bullocks. Shahpoor 
not being far from Bettiah, a Roman 
Catholic establishment, three families went 
there for protection : the rest intended to 
«;o to Benares." 

The little flock were happily reunited in 
three months after their separation. 

''The native Christians, no less than my- 
self, were very happy to see each other 
again after a separation of upwards of three 
months. Before I came up to them, where 
they were encamped in a large mango grove, 
the children came running out to meet me, 
and to conduct me into the midst of their 
parents who surrounded me. Every one now 
commenced to tell his tale of the late trials 
and privations, in which all took an equal 
share. "We all then had prayers, to thank 
the good Lord and Shepherd of our souls for 
thus having preserved us and saved us from 
many dangers, and for having given us this 



152 MAKTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

first token of mercy in having permitted us 
thus to meet again. To Him be all praise 
and glory!" 

Allahabad, situated at the confluence 
of the Jumna with the Ganges, is memo- 
rable as well for the terrible and melancholy 
fate of the European residents, as for the 
devotion to the truth exhibited by the Hin- 
doo Christians. In one day, after the most 
sacred assurances of their fidelity, the na- 
tive Infantry suddenly changed from orderly 
Sepoys to mutinous demons. After inducing 
the residents to leave the fort, in which they 
had taken refuge, and commit themselves 
into their hands, they despatched several 
of their ofiicers, and shockingly murdered 
the trusting Europeans. Some were slowly 
hacked to pieces : one family, consisting of 
three generations, was burned to death: in 
some cases, the nose, ears, lips, fingers, and 
toes of the victims were chopped ofi", — the 
limbs afterwards hacked to pieces ! Nothing 
was left undone that savage fury could sug- 
gest. Innocent children did not escape the 
hands of the murderers, being put to death 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 153 

in the most cruel manner before the eyes of 
their mothers. These horrors were mostly 
perpetrated against the English residents, 
who were peculiarly hateful to the Moham- 
medans. But the native Christians did not 
escape many severe trials of their faith. 

Many of the native Christians did not 
deem it necessary for their safety to enter 
the fort; and they and their families were 
apprehended by the authority of the maul- 
vis. Their families were incarcerated and 
exposed to every insult and privation ; while 
the native Christian ministers and teachers 
were put into the public stocks, and exposed 
there for nearly a week, night and day, with 
scarcely any refreshment ; while savage and 
infuriated fanatics were often brandishing 
swords over them, and threatening them 
with the most horrible mutilations unless 
they forswore their Christian faith and em- 
braced Mohammedanism. 

GoPEE Nauth Nundy was a convert, and 
a regularly-ordained missionary to his own 
countrymen. The eminent Dr. Duff gives 
us the following account of the persecution 



154 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

of this laitliful and remarkable man, and 
of others who triumphed in that hoar of 
trial : — 

Calcutta, Nov. 6, 1857. 
It is no lontrer doubtful that India has 

o 

now had its first Protestant native martyrs, 
— martyrs, who have laid down their lives 
for the testimony of Jesus, — martyrs, who 
have been cruelly put to death by relent- 
less Mohammedans, simply for professing 
that "only name given under heaven where- 
by men can be saved." God, in mercy, grant 
that their blood, as in the days of old, may 
become the seed of the native Evangelical 
Church of India ! 

These bloody butcheries of native Chris- 
tians by the hands of the followers of the 
false prophet took place chiefly at Delhi, 
Bareilly, and Futteghur. Two of those 
slaughtered at the first of these ph\ces were 
men of high position and influence in society : 
— one, a sub-assistant surgeon in the service 
of the East India Company ; the other, Pro- 
fessor of Mathem-atics in the Government 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 155 

Dellii College. Both had embraced Chris- 
tianity in their riper years, when occupying 
the situations which they filled with so much 
credit to themselves and such entire satis- 
faction to their employers. The surgeon, 
about a quarter of a century ago, received 
his early education in our Calcutta institu- 
tion, and there imbibed those first principles 
of Jehovah's holy oracles, which clung to 
him through all vicissitudes of life, until at 
last they ripened into mature convictions, 
Avhich issued in his openly professing the 
faith of Jesus. A blessed illustration this 
of the sureness of the promise, " Cast thy 
bread upon the waters, and thou shalt find 
it after many days." When at Delhi, about 
the close of 1849, I had long and earnest 
interviews with himself and the native 
mathematical professor : they were then still 
only inquirers; but shortly afterwards, in 
my own native land, I was privileged to hear 
of their baptism. Their career has now been 
mysteriously cut short, — since, from their 
social position and influence, much might 
have been achieved by them in advancing 



156 MARTYKS OF THE MUTINY. 

the cause of Jesus amono; their benio-hted 
countrymen. So would we, in our short- 
sightedness, be ready to conclude. But 
God's ways are not as our ways. Out of 
their death — a blessed exchange to them- 
selves — he may bring forth matter for the 
advancement of his cause on earth and the 
promotion of his own glory. 

Of some other native Christians, it may 
be truly said that, though not actually 
slaughtered, they underwent all the horrors 
of the fiery trial of a living martyrdom, 
and came forth from the furnace unscathed. 
To the case of one of these, Gopee Nauth 
Nundy, I think it seasonable to draw special 
attention, as he is one of the earliest con- 
verts of oui' own mission, — having been one 
of the first set of converts baptized by me, 
as far back as the close of 1832. He has 
for some years past been an ordained mi- 
nister in connection with our missionary 
brethren of the Old-School American Pres- 
byterian Church. A year or two after his 
baptism, he had gone to the Northwest, to 
take charge of a Christian school, main- 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 157 

tained by pious British officers at Futteh- 
pore, between Allahabad and Cawnpore. 
Naturally attached to Presbyterian ism, he 
was very properly led to join the American 
Presbyterian missionaries when they settled 
in that quarter. To them, especially on 
their first arrival, he was enabled to render 
very essential service; and ultimately, find- 
ing him in every way worthy, they solemnly 
ordained him as a minister of the gospel. 
From his excellent talents, remarkable con- 
sistency and integrity of conduct, gentlemen 
high in the East India Company's Civil Ser- 
vice repeatedly pressed him to accept of 
honorable situations under them, with a salary 
double, treble, or even quadruple what he 
could ever expect to obtain as a native mis- 
sionary. But, to his credit, it must be 
stated that he steadfastly resisted all these 
allurements, preferred being engaged di- 
rectly in the cause of evangelism, the cause 
of tlv> gospel of Christ, at any salary, how- 
ever low, to being engaged in the cause of 
Csesar, however honorable, or at any salary, 
however high. At a time when so tre- 

14 



158 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

mendoiis a cry has been raised about tbe 
beatlien natives of India, because of the 
atrocities committed by them, it is proper 
to fasten on a case of this kind, to show 
what a transmutation the gospel can effect 
in their character, and thus to point to the 
real and only true remedy of poor India's 
manifold evils and wrongs. 

After laboring very successfully with 
the American missionaries at Futteghur, 
which lies between Cawnpore and Bareilly, 
he returned, some years ago, to his old sta- 
tion of Futtehpore. There he labored alone. 
Futtehpore being a civil station, he min- 
istered to the British as well as to the 
natives; and to the right-minded of the 
former his services were always most ac- 
ceptable. By his untiring energy and in- 
defatigable industry he succeeded, chiefly 
through the contributions of British resi- 
dents, in building mission-houses, rearing 
chapels, and planting schools. And what is 
better, through Grod's blessing on his faith- 
ful, prayerful labors, a native church, num- 
bering several scores, inclusive of men, 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 159 

women, and children, was gathered by him 
and carefully nurtured. His work attracted 
so much attention that, about two years 
ago, the late Hon. W. Colvin, governor of 
Agra, visited him, inspected his schools, &c., 
and expressed the highest satisfaction with 
all he saw and learned. 

In May last, after the terrible massacres 
at Meeroot and Delhi, alarm and panic 
spread, with electric rapidity, northward 
to the awful defiles of the Khyber Pass in 
Affghanistan, and southward to the Bay of 
Bengal. On the 24th of that month, the 
horizon looked so threatening that the ma- 
gistrate of Futtehpore advised all European 
ladies and native Christian females to leave 
the station for Allahabad. Gopee ISTauth, 
deeming it to be a duty to act on the ad- 
vice, proceeded with his wife and family, 
together with the wives and children of the 
native converts, to that city, intending to 
return to his post as soon as he saw them 
all lodged in the fortress. On reaching 
Allahabad, however, he soon found that 
things there looked just as ominous as at 



160 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

Futtelipore; only at tlie former they had 
the great fortress, which commands the 
Ganges and the Jumna, to fall back upon. 
But even the fortress looked as insecure as 
the city; since it was guarded chiefly by 
the Sikhs, whose loyalty was at that time 
doubtful, and by a company of the 6th Na- 
tive Infantry, the very regiment which so 
soon mutinied and killed their officers, — 
there being in it only sixty or seventy in- 
valid Europeans hurriedly brought from the 
fort of Chunar. Concluding, also, that, as 
natives, he and his family might have a 
better chance of escaping, in the event of 
an outbreak, if they were outside the fort, 
he went on the very morning of the day on 
which the mutiny broke out, and took pos- 
session of one of the mission -houses on the 
banks of the Jumna, at a distance of about 
three miles. 

From this house, (Mr. Owen's,) on the 
evening of that fatal day, they were startled 
by the glare of conflagration in the can- 
tonments, and the confused, though some- 
what distant, noise of infuriated multitudes, 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 161 

commingling with volleys of musketry. 
They could not hesitate as to the cause. 
Cut off from the fort and the entire Euro- 
pean community, after five or six hours 
of dreadful suspense, they resolved, before 
the dawn of next day, to attempt to cross 
the Jumna, and proceed by land to Mirza- 
pore, distant about sixty miles. Having 
exchanged their dress for coarse and com- 
mon raiment, taking with them a few rupees 
to defray the necessary expenses, and leav- 
ing all the rest of their baggage behind as 
prey to the mutineers and their fellow-plun- 
derers, they reached the opposite bank of 
the river about daybreak, and set off on 
foot for Mirzapore. The fugitive party con- 
sisted of Gopee Nauth and his wife, two boys, 
the elder of them only seven or eight years 
of age, the younger one about six, and an 
infant at the breast, who, of course, had to 
be carried, — their servants, in spite of every 
promise of ample reward, having refused to 
accompany them. After walking a few miles, 
the summer sun in a cloudless copper sky 
soon blazing upon them with furnace heat, 

14* 



162 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

their blistered feet refused to carry them 
any farther, and they sank down fainting 
and exhausted. '^Then/' says Gopee Nauth, 
"when in an awful dilemma, not knowing 
what to do, we raised our hearts to Him 
who is always ready to hear and grant the 
petitions of his believing people," Nor did 
they trust in vain. As they were praying, 
an empty cart came up that was returning 
that way; and the driver, for a reasonable 
sum, agreed at once to take them on a few 
miles. 

The cartman, having reached the dis- 
tance bargained for, dropped them in an 
open field, wholly without shelter of any 
kind, exposed to the fierceness of a meridian 
sun, and the fiery vehemence of the hot 
winds, which drove suffocating clouds of dust 
before them. Nor was this all : besides the 
hostility of the elements, they had suddenly 
to encounter the far more dreadful hostility 
of relentless men, — men set loose from the 
salutary restraints of government and law. 
It was evident that tidings of the mutiny 
and massacre at Allahabad had spread be- 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 163 

fore tliem. All controlling authority being 
evidently considered as at an end, they no 
sooner stopped than, to their utter surprise, 
they were surrounded by the neighboring 
villagers, armed with latties, (sticks with 
lead twisted round one end,) swords, and 
muskets, threatening forthwith to rob and 
kill them. Again did they raise up their 
souls in fervent supplication to their gra- 
cious heavenly Father; and again did he 
interpose for their deliverance. The zemin- 
dar of the place, a Hindoo, suddenly made 
his appearance just in time. Gopee Nauth 
at once confessed that he and his family 
were Christians, and that their trust was in 
the God of the Christians. The zemindar, 
more intelligent than the armed rabble, — 
knowing more of the resources of the Chris- 
tian British Government, and fearing after- 
retribution, — persuaded them to let their 
prey escape undamaged. He even procured 
the services of a cartman, who, for a moderate 
hire, agreed to take the party to Mirzapore. 
Thus the simple honesty of Gopee Nauth, in 
confessing, in trying circumstances, that he 



164 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

and his family were Christians, seemed to 
be the very means of saving their lives. 

Their progress that day was not very 
great. About sunset they reached a village 
distant only about twelve miles from Alla- 
habad. There they found shelter for the 
night from a Brahmin, who professed friend- 
ship but in reality cherished deadly enmity. 
From a conversation which they happened 
providentially to overhear, they gathered 
that the Brahmin's purpose was to murder 
them in cold blood while sleeping, and 
thus secure the entire booty to himself. In 
this diabolical purpose he was frustrated by 
their keeping awake all night, — praying 
aloud, and singing praises to God their Fa- 
ther in heaven. Early in the morning they 
wished to depart, but could not, as the cart- 
man had absconded v/ith his vehicle; while 
the villagers assumed a fearfully threaten- 
ing attitude. While detained there, they 
were doomed to witness some revolting atro- 
cities, which indicated that the spirit of the 
murderous mutineers had also become to a 
great extent the spirit of the people at 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 165 

large. Here is a specimen. A Hindoo syce, 
(groom, or horse-keeper,) returning from 
Cawnpore to his home at Mirzapore, with 
his wife and only child, about a year old, — • 
and having several bundles, containing, pro- 
bably, the earnings of years, — was arrested 
by the villagers. The syce himself they 
seized first, and soon plundered of every 
thing, — even the very clothes on his body. 
But when they began to strip his wife of 
her clothes, she very naturally made re- 
sistance. Pvesistance, however, being vain, 
she pitifully implored them to spare a 
part of her garment, sufficient to cover her 
nakedness. But this only exasperated the 
heartless villains, who, in their frantic rage, 
snatched the child from the mother's arms, 
and, holding it by the legs, dashed its little 
head violently on a stone, scattering the 
brains all around ! 

After such a spectacle, well might Gopee 
and his wife fear that there was no hope for 
them. Having passed another day and sleep- 
less night, amid scenes of violence and un- 
ceasing alarm, and having judged that death 



166 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

seemed inevitable anyliow, they resolved to 
put an end to excruciating suspense, and 
bring matters to a speedy and decisive issue, 
by openly and boldly confronting the danger. 
Accordingly, early on the morning of the 
third day, they started on their perilous 
journey. But hardly had they reached the 
main road, when they were beset by bands 
of armed ruffians, shouting defiance and 
menace. Interpreting their intentions, Gopee 
Nauth simply and plainly told them that 
he was a Christian padre, (minister,) that his 
vocation was to preach the gospel of salva- 
tion, — the very substance of which was 
^' Glory to God in the highest, peace on earth, 
and good will to men," — that the property 
and lives of himself and family were in other 
hands, that they might do with them as they 
thought proper, while they would submit in 
humble resignation to the will of God. 

The transparent honesty and conciliatory 
tendency of such words seemed to operate 
with some assuaging influence. Still, the 
property they must have, though they might 
spare their lives. Gopee Nauth then be- 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 167 

soughit them to allow liim, at least, to retain 
tlie truss which he was compelled to wear 
in consequence of an internal rupture, as 
also his English Bible, which, being in an 
unknown tongue, could be of no use to them. 
But no ! They must have all, — clothes, bun- 
dles, truss, Bible, and every thing. After 
being stripped completely bare, without offer- 
ing any resistance, the villains began to 
quarrel among themselves about the division 
of the spoil. And, while from quarrelling 
they proceeded to mutual blows, Gopee 
Kauth, wife, and children contrived to run 
away, and so effected their escape. 

Finding that the road to Mirzapore was 
blocked up and rendered quite impassable 
by hordes of ruthless robbers, they resolved 
to attempt to retrace their steps to Allaha- 
bad, though the attempt had all the appear- 
ance of a forlorn hope. Into the details of 
this weary retrograde journey I cannot now 
enter. Suffice it to say that, after having 
endured much suffering, from exposure to 
the sun and hot winds, as well as from 
hunger and thirst and nakedness, and the 



168 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

ragings of tlie heathen, they succeeded, 
through the aid of some Hindoo zemindars, in 
reaching the Jumna. "When crossing the river, 
they saw the mission bungalow burned down 
to ashes, the beautiful church shattered and 
dismantled, with endless other memorials, in 
every direction, of havoc and rapine. 

On landing, they were instantly encom- 
passed with Mussulmans, who, on learning 
that they were Christians, began to clamor 
for their lives. And killed there and then 
they inevitably would have been, had not 
the Lord put it into the heart of a Hindoo 
goldsmith to take pity on them and receive 
them into his own house, while himself, his 
son and brother actually stood with drawn 
swords at the outer gate to defend them 
from the murderous weapons of the san- 
guinary followers of the Arabian prophet. 
There they heard of the massacre in the 
cantonments, with the general plunder and 
destruction of property, with the further 
addition — which happily turned out to be 
untrue — that the mutineers had seized the 
fortress and murdered all its inmates. Such 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 169 

information was well calculated to drive 
them into utter despair. 

In the mean while, a Maulvi, or learned 
Mohammedan, had, in the name of the King 
of Delhi, proclaimed himself acting ruler of 
Allahabad and neighborhood. And, when 
the goldsmith could protect them no longer 
from the thousands that craved for their 
lives, they entreated the infuriated mob not 
to kill them there, but to take them to their 
own acknowledged head, the Maulvi, that 
he might pass on them what sentence he 
pleased. So eagerly bent were they on their 
destruction, that it was with extreme diffi- 
culty that this request was complied with. 
Even on their way to the Maulvi, they 
were again and again on the eve of being 
butchered. As one who kills a Kaffir or 
unbeliever — and all Christians are such in 
the estimation of Mussulmans — is declared 
to. be rewarded by being carried to the 
seventh or highest heaven, there was a 
burning impatience on the part of the fren- 
zied multitude to earn a share of this tran- 

]5 



170 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

scendent felicity by at once imbruing their 
bands in Kaffir blood. 

x\t length, however, they did reach the 
Maulvi, who had taken possession of a 
European garden-house. There he was 
seated, like a king on a throne, surrounded 
by men with drawn swords. Then followed 
a notable interview, which I shall give as 
nearly as possible in Gopee Nauth's own 
words. 

Maulvi. — Who are you? 

Gopee Nauth. — "We are Christians. 

M. — What place do you come from? 

G. — Futtehpore, 

M. — What was your occupation? 

G. — Preaching and teaching the Chris- 
tian reli2;ion. 

M. — Are you a padre ?, 

G. — Yes, sir. 

M. — Was it you who used to go about 
reading and distributing books in streets 
and villages ? 

G. — Yes, sir : it was I and my cate- 
chists. 

M. — How many Christians have you made ? 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 171 

G. — I did not make any Christians, for 
no human being can change the heart of 
another, — but God, through my instrument- 
ality, to the belief and profession of his 
true religion, some thirty or forty. 

On this, the Maulvi lost his temper, and 
exclaimed, in a great rage, '' Fy, fy ! shame, 
shame ! this is downright blasphemy. 
Grod never makes Kaffirs, (Christians being 
such ;) but you, Kaffirs, pervert the people. 
God always makes Mohammedans ; for the 
religion of Mohammed, which we follow, is 
the only true religion." 

M. — How many Mohammedans have you 
perverted to your religion ? 

G. — I have not perverted any one; but, 
by the grace of God, about a dozen Moham- 
medans have turned from darkness unto the 
glorious light of the gospel. 

Hearing this, the Maulvi's face became 
as red as hot iron, and he cried out, in great 
wrath, ''You are a rogue ! a villain! You 
have renounced your forefathers' faith, and 
become a child of Satan, and have been 
using your every effort to bring others into 



172 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

the same road of destruction. You deserve 
no ordinary punishment. Yours must be a 
cruel death. My sentence, therefore, is, 
that your nose, ears, and hands shall be cut 
off, at different times, so as to prolong your 
sufferings. Your wife must be dealt with 
in the same manner, and your children shall 
be taken into slavery." 

On this, Gopee Nauth's wife, with undaunted 
courage, was enabled to say to the Maulvi, 
"Since we are to die, the only favor I ask 
for is, that we be not separated in our death, 
and that, instead of torturing, you order us 
to be killed at once." 

There was something in this remark 
which, coming from a tender and delicate 
female, seemed to touch even the obdurate 
heart of the proud and haughty despot who 
for the hour was lord of the ascendant. 
So, after having kept silent for a while, as 
if profoundly meditating, he broke the 
silence, by exclaiming, "Praised be God! 
you appear to be a respectable man : I pity 
you and your family. As a friend, there- 
fore, I advise you and them to become Mo- 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 173 

hammedans. By doing so, you will not only 
save your lives, but be raised to a high 
rank." To this Gopee ISTauth's answer was 
that 'Hhey would prefer death to any induce- 
ment he could hold out to them to change 
their faith in Jesus Christ as the only true 
Saviour." Somewhat astonished at the calm 
and firm reply, and apparently incredulous 
as to this being the resolve of Gopee ISTauth's 
wife, he made a special appeal to her. 
Through God's grace at that trying moment, 
she staggered not in her faith, but, with as 
much firmness and decision as her husband, 
replied that she 'Svas ready to sacrifice her 
life in preference to her trust in the Lord 
Jesus Christ and the profession of his name, 
and that no inducement which he could 
hold out would make her change her mind." 
Evidently taken aback by so iinexpected 
a reply, the Maulvi next asked Gopee Nauth 
if he had ever read the Koran. The an- 
swer was, ''Yes, I have." ''Ah," said he, 
^'but you could not have read it with a view 
to be profited by it : you can only have been 

15* 



174 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

picking out isolated passages in order to 
argue with tlie Mohammedans." 

After a little further reflection, — being 
evidently puzzled what to do, — his final 
sentence was this : — '^ Well, out of pity I will 
allow you three days to think over the mat- 
ter : during these days you may have proper 
help in studying the Koran. At the expiry 
of these, I shall send for you. If you then 
believe and become Mohammedans, all right 
and good, — it will go well with you. But 
if otherwise, your noses, ears, and hands 
must be cut off, according to the original 
sentence." On which GopeeNauth remarked, 
''It is all in vain. There is no occasion to 
wait so long; for, while God is pleased to 
continue his grace to us, we will not re- 
nounce our faith. And as God's grace never 
fails those who trust in him, it were better 
for you at once to order our heads to be cut 
off." To this the Maulvi made no reply, 
but made signs to his attendants to take 
them off to prison, which was at no great 
distance. 

While on the way to prison, guarded by 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 175 

fierce Mussulmans with drawn swords, Go- 
pee Nautli says, '^I raised my heart in praise 
and adoration to the Lord Jesus Christ for 
having given us grace to stand firm in the 
trying hour when our lives were disposed 
of, and to overcome all the temptations 
which the Maulvi could hold forth. Re- 
peating aloud the 11th and 12th verses of 
the 5th chapter of Matthew, I thanked my 
blessed Lord for counting us worthy to suf- 
fer for his name's sake." 

On reaching the place of imprisonment, 
they were surprised and saddened to find 
already there several other native Christians 
who had been caught on the preceding day, — 
a British officer, covered all over with fes- 
tering wounds, and another English gentle- 
man, with his wife and five children, two or 
three of the latter being grown-up daughters, 
all of whom had to submit to insults and in- 
dignities from their unfeeling keepers. After 
mutual converse, Gopee Nauth proposed that, 
as they were doomed to die, they had better 
unite in prayer, and cast themselves on the 
guardian care of Him who could deliver 



17C MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

tliem from the mouth of the lion, or, if that 
was not his will, could render them tri- 
umphant when undergoing the most cruel 
death. 

Wlien engaged in this exercise, the grim 
jailer, highly offended, rushed forward, and, 
violently kicking Gopee Nauth on the back, 
sternly demanded him to desist, adding that 
if he prayed properly, in the name of Mo- 
hammed, he might pray as long as he 
pleased. On which Gopee's own remark is, 
''Our lips were thereby truly closed, but our 
hearts were still in communion with God, 
who regards the motions and desires of the 
heart more than the mere utterance of the 
lips." 

Perceiving that Gopee Nauth 's words 
cheered his fellow-captives, and that his at- 
tention served somewhat to relieve the poor 
officer, whose wounds had become putrifying 
sores, and who, in his torment, could neither 
sit, nor stand, nor lie down on the bare ground, 
the wicked jailer resolved to separate him 
from his fomily and all the rest. To this 
gratuitously cruel change some resistance 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 177 

was made; on wliicli a body of rebels fell 
upon them with weapons, dragging Gopee 
Nauth himself outside, and fastening his feet 
in the stocks, and seizing his wife by the hair 
of her head, knocking it against a brick, 
and inflicting a severe wound on the fore- 
head, the impression of which will cling to 
her through life. 

The bodily sufferings and mental agonies 
of all now became unspeakably aggravated. 
The wonder is that Gopee Nauth was enabled 
to survive for a day. For outside, with his 
feet in the stocks, he was exposed, without 
any shelter at all, bareheaded, to the blazing 
sun and hot winds. 

If ever the promise, '' The sun shall not 
smite thee by day," was literally verified, 
surely it was in this case. For, to add to 
the wonder, Gopee Nauth had for years been 
afflicted with a cerebral affection, the result 
of overstrained and unceasing mental energy 
that knew no repose. And previously, the 
least direct exposure to the sun, or over- 
exercise, was wont to heighten his sore 
malady. But now, as he himself remarked, 



178 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

singular to say, " notwithstanding so much 
privation and fatigue, so much exposure to 
the sun and hot winds, our heavenly Father 
did not permit the ..dangerous complaint to 
be increased, but throughout caused it to 
remain much as it was before, when minis- 
tered to by all the needful appliances of re- 
lief." 

Supplied with only a handful of parched 
grain in the middle of the day, and a single 
hard chiipatti (or thin, coarse wheaten cake) 
at night, and a very little dirty water, they 
suffered also from hunger and thirst. Then, 
about every five minutes, the Maulvi's 
emissaries assailed them, — threatening to 
take away their lives if they did not in- 
stantly become Mohammedans. An illiterate 
Maulvi, also, used to pester them by reading 
passages of the Koran ; but, when questioned 
as to their meaning, he confessed he did not 
know, as it was written in Arabic : to know 
the meaning was not necessary, as the virtue 
lay in hearing and remembering the words 
of the sacred book. 

At last the third, the fatal day that was 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 179 

to seal their doom, arrived; and we may 
suppose with what intense anxiety they were 
waiting to receive the order to appear in 
the Maulvi's presence and undergo the 
dreadful sentence. But the day passed away 
as usual; the Maulvi, from some unknown 
cause or other, did not send for them. On the 
sixth day, however, of their confinement, 
the Maulvi himself came to them, and, look- 
ing at Gopee Nauth, asked, with a leer of 
the eye, if he was comfortable. The reply 
was, '^How can I be comfortable, thus ex- 
posed, day and night, with my feet in the 
stocks? but I take it patiently, as such is 
the will of my heavenly Father." Again, 
by threatenings and by promises, he strove 
to persuade them to renounce Christ and 
embrace the faith of Mohammed, — evidently 
concluding that it would redound more to 
his glory and that of his religion were he 
to succeed in making converts of a Chris- 
tian minister and his family, than merely to 
put them to death, even by torture. His 
patience, however, now seemed exhausted 
by the resolute refusal of the poor sufi'erers, 



180 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

and tlieir steadfast perseverance in witness- 
ing a '' good confession" of tlie name of Jesus. 
Accordingly, disappointed and chagrined, 
he went away, denouncing instant and sum- 
mary vengeance. 

But his cruel and despotic reign was 
nearer an end than he had calculated upon, 
and the deliverance of his doomed c_aptives 
nearer at hand than they had ever dared to 
dream of. For that very day, the sixth of 
thei^ confinement, in consequence of the 
arrival of the gallant and now, alas ! la- 
mented Neill, with his Fusiliers, a band of 
European and Sikh soldiers issued out from 
the fort to attack the rebels. After a severe 
conflict, the latter Avere totally defeated ; and 
on the following morning, before daybreak, 
the enemy retreated, and abandoned Alla- 
habad with so much precipitation that they 
left their prisoners behind, unslaughtered. 
Soon were Gopee Nauth, his family, and their 
European companions, delivered, escaping 
like birds out of the cage of the fowler. And 
soon were they secure within the fort, and 
cherished in the very lap of Christian kind- 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 181 

ness. Then did they joyously unite with their 
missionary brethren, and others, in praising 
and magnifying the name of their faithful 
covenant-keeping God, who had so won- 
drously sustained them amid such compli- 
cated trials and sufferings, strengthened 
them to make a full and open confession of 
his blessed name and religion before the 
enemy, and finally so unexpectedly delivered 
them from the very jaws of Satan. 

There he soon heard of the horrible death 
to which his old benefactor, Mr. Tucker, 
judge of Futtehpore, was subjected by his 
own Mohammedan deputy, — a man whom 
he himself had raised from obscurity and 
placed in a situation at once lucrative and 
honorable, and who now repaid the gene- 
rous kindness by treacherously betraying 
his master, and reading passages of the 
Koran over him, as the warrant for putting 
him to a cruel death. There, too, he heard 
of the total destruction of the mission-pro- 
perty, — church and schools, with mission- 
house and furniture, and library of valuable 
works, all completely destroyed; and, as 

16 



182 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

tlie time when it niiglit be safe to return to 
tlie station seemed far distant, he availed 
himself of the offer of a free passage, in one 
of the Government steamers, to Calcutta. 
Here he has been for the last three months ; 
and from his own lips I have again and 
again heard the affecting narrative of which 
I have now endeavoured, by the omission 
of many minute details, to furnish a com- 
pendious sketch. 

And surely it is not possible for any one 
to peruse it Avithout sensibly feeling that it 
furnishes a signal illustration of the tri- 
umphs of divine grace. Naturally and con- 
stitutionally he is just as weak, timid, and 
cowardly as any other native of Bengal. But 
when the truth of God is concerned, his faith 
renders him bold and fearless as a lion. His 
entire demeanor throughout, and especially 
the calmness and resolute fortitude mani- 
fested by this native Hindoo Protestant 
minister when under trial and condemna- 
tion by an arch-priest and arch-tyrant of 
antichristian Mohammedanism, may well 
bear comparison with any of the more no- 



\ 

'MARTniS OF THE MUTINY. 183 

table trials of European Protestant minis- 
ters by the arch-priests and arch-tyrants of 
antichristian Popery. And is not this mat- 
ter for adoring thankfulness ? Away, then, 
with the foul calumny of godless politicians 
and mere men of the world, that there never 
has been a genuine native convert in India, 
or that all native converts are alike hypo- 
critical and insincere ! Apart from the thou- 
sands in Tinnevelly, and the hundreds or 
the scores elsewhere, the case of Gopce Nauth 
Nundy, and of the actual martyrdoms at 
Delhi, Bareilly, and Futteghur, ought for- 
ever to silence the wicked slander. And, 
then, think of Gopee Nauth's wife! She, 
too, was as brave of heart as her husband 
for the testimony of Jesus. She, too, was 
ready to be taken from her husband and 
children, and lay down her life, rather than 
repudiate the faith of Jesus, her blessed 
Lord and Saviour. There is hope, then, 
for India's daughters. Some of them have 
already paid the penalty of their lives for 
bearing the name of Christ; and others have 



184 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

nobly proved that tliey were ready to die 
ratlier than renounce that blessed name. 

Let US; then, in all this see wherein the 
true hope for India lies. See what Chris- 
tianity did for Gopee Nauth and his family 
and fellow-sufferers ! See what the want of 
Christianity has done for the high-caste Se- 
poys! When will our nominally Christian 
statesmen learn lessons of practical wisdom 
from these conspicuous dealings of Jeho- 
vah's providence? But I must pause. Gopee 
Nauth, as I stated, is now here. And, as he 
cannot be idle, wherever he is, he is busily 
engaged in preaching in the native bungalow 
chapels, in looking after native converts, 
and in rendering effectual assistance daily 
in our institution. The Lord spare and bless 
him in all his labors ! 

Yours affectionately, 

Alexander Duff. 

To this narrative, which reached Gopee 
Nauth Nundy in the ''Missionary Gleaner," 
he has added the following details : — 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 185 

''I cannot conclude without inserting a 
few words about the manifestation of God's 
goodness towards us. The saving of our 
lives was a miracle. Other dear Christians, 
both European and native, were exposed to 
similar dangers; but most of them were 
slaughtered. No less than ten or twelve 
times we were brought to the very brink of 
the grave. Every thing appeared as against 
us. The sun beat upon us with all its power- 
ful rays ; the hot wind — of which you can- 
not form any conception, as you were never 
in the country — pierced like deadly arrows; 
the sword hung, and was ready to fall upon 
us, to divide our bodies from our heads; 
starvation and nakedness brought our mor- 
tal frames into a state of wretchedness : yet 
none had power to injure us, because such 
was not the will of our heavenly Father. 
Again, the trials were so great and incessant 
that nothing but the grace of God alone 
kept us faithful. The Maulvi, when foiled 
by arguments to bring us to renounce the 
Christian faith, brought forward all the 
threats which a wicked heart could invent. 

16* 



186 MARTYKS OF THE MUTINY. 

He threatened to take off all the limbs of 
our bodies, and thus torture us to death; 
but when he saw that these even had no 
effect to change our creed, he then promised 
to give us riches, land free of rent, and other 
worldly grandeurs; but, thanks be to God, 
he soon received a negative answer. His next 
attack was on my poor wife, who, though 
naturally a timid woman, yet at that 
moment she was astonishingly bold in de- 
claring her faith. Well may I insert the 
sweet words of our blessed Lord, 'And ye 
shall be brought before governors and kings 
for my sake, for a testimony against them 
and the Gentiles. But when they deliver 
you up, take no thought how or what ye 
shall speak ; for it shall be given you in that 
same hour what ye shall speak : for it is not 
ye that speak, but the Spirit of your Father 
which speaketh in you.' Surrounded as she 
was by no less than a hundred infuriated 
and savage-looking men with drawn swords, 
ready to inflict torture, yet she defended her 
faith most gloriously. When the Maulvi 
appealed to her, and said what he would do. 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 187 

— thinking, no doubt, that her natural weak- 
ness would yield to his proposals, but not 
knowing that a greater Power than his was 
directin'g and supporting her, — she humbly, 
and yet with a loud voice, declared that she 
was ready to undergo any punishment he 
would inflict, but would not deny her Master 
and Saviour. While the man was arguing 
with me, she felt somewhat assured that we 
should be called to seal our faith with our 
blood. She began to teach the little boys 
in presence and in hearing of all; and thus 
she said : — ' You, my sweet children, will be 
taken and kept as slaves when we shall be 
killed; but do not forget to say your prayers 
every day; and when the English power is 
re-established, fly to them for refuge, and 
relate the circumstance of our end.' And, 
while instructing, she was kissing them all 
the time. This pitiful scene no doubt 
touched their hard and stony hearts. The 
Maulvi ordered us to be taken to the 
prison and kept for a future occasion. 
Thus came we out through our fiery 



188 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

trials, praising and glorifying Jesus for 
giving us grace and strength to confess him 
before the world." 

Gropee Nauth ISTundy, in the same communi- 
cation, thus speaks of the Futtehpore native 
Christians : — ''All of them, with their families, 
remained in the mission-premises to the last 
moment. When the mutineers attacked and 
burned all the houses, they then fled in dif- 
ferent directions. Some of them, after 
crouching in jungles for more than a month, 
carrfe to Allahabad for shelter; the others, 
no one knows whether they were killed by 
the mutineers or fell victims to the climate. 
One family, a man and his wife, who were 
both baptized and admitted into the Chris- 
tian church, were caught by the mutineers. 
One of the man's hands was cut off, and the 
woman, after being savagely treated, was 
shorn of her hair. The English army, 
arriving in time, saved their lives. They 
are now at Allahabad." 

The ''British officer" mentioned in this 
narrative has been made the subject of a 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 189 

special memoir,* of wliich we give a brief 
epitome. It should be observed, in jus- 
tice to Gopee Nauth Nundy, that his faith 
was not giving way when the memorable 
words of the young Englishman were ad- 
dressed to him. The story has been' re- 
peated in a manner calculated to lead to 
an impression that the Christian courage of 
Nundy was on the point of failure, when it 
was restored by the exhortations of his 
youthful friend. 

Arthur Marcus Hill Cheek, or, as* his 
friends usually called him, "Marcus," was 
born at Evesham, July 31, 1840. He grew 
rapidly up to the stature of man, aud at fifteen 
stood within an inch of six feet. Evincing 
a strong partiality for the military profes- 
sion, an appointment as ensign was secured 
for him in the Indian army ; and in March 
of last year, when not yet seventeen, he left 
England to join his regiment, the Sixth Na- 
tive Infantry, then stationed at Allahabad. 

* The Martyr of Allahabad. Memorials of Ensign 
Cheek, of the Sixth Native Bengal Infantry. By the 
Rev. Robert Meek, M.A. 



190 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

Prior to his departure, he had avowed 
himself a member of the Christian church, 
and shown by his conscientious behavior 
that serious thoughts were habitual with 
him. The mutiny was already in progress 
when he reached his destination, and in a 
fortnight from the time of his arrival he was 
in the midst of it. The Jumna flows into 
the Ganges at Allahabad; and the junction 
constitutes the holiest of all bathing-places 
to the pilgrims of Hindostan. Marcus had 
walked by the broad streams in their con- 
fluence, and had written briefly home, telling 
of the noble city that stretched along their 
banks, and expressing his gratification at 
the new circumstances in which he found 
himself. These bright prospects were soon 
darkened. There came rumors of insur- 
gents advancing from the west, and the 
women and children were sent into the fort 
for safety. But the native regiment to'which 
Ensign Cheek was attached had recently 
volunteered with enthusiasm to march 
against the Delhi rebels, and had been pub- 
licly thanked for their loyal spirit: so that, 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 191 

trusting to stalwart Sepoys rather than to 
stone walls, the majority of the civilians 
preferred to remain in their usual quarters. 
The fort was terribly crowded, and very 
hot: and when the 'Governor-General's 
praise and thanks to the regiment were 
read out and received with cheers, most 
thought that the difficulty would pass 
over, and that they might safely remain 
without the walls of the fort. The Eev. J. 
Owen would have left the fort to re-occupy 
his house into which Gopee Nauth went ; but 
he had got his chest of drawers, with his 
clothes, in the fort, and the inconvenience 
of moving them induced him to sleep that 
fatal night in the fort, instead of going back 
to his house. On such a slight circumstance 
did the preservation of his life hang ! Nearly 
all the civilians were in the fort. The officers, 
of course, were obliged to stay with their 
men. 

On the evening of the 6th of June, the 
officers of '' the Sixth" sat down to the 
table unsuspectingly. Suddenly the faith- 
less soldiery sounded the alarm-bugle, snr- 



192 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

rounded them, and shot them down right 
and left. Of seventeen, only three escaped, 
— two by swimming the Ganges ; nine young 
ensigns were bayoneted in the mess-room ; 
and, in all, fifty Europeans fell that night. 
The treasury was plundered, the jail opened, 
the station fired, and atrocities committed 
too terrible for words. A Maulvi hoisted 
the green 'flag of the Prophet over the town, 
and declared himself viceroy of the King 
of Delhi. Under the scorching sun by day, 
and through the sleepless night, the belea- 
guered garrison of fugitives manned the 
ramparts of the fort, whence hour by ht)ur 
their guns belched forth showers of flame. 
The gallant Neill, — who rests now in a 
soldier's grave at Lucknow, — pursuing with 
his troops his mission of relief up the val- 
ley from Benares, arrived at length, too 
late to avert disaster, but not too late to 
punish the murderers. The mutineers were 
speedily routed, and order and security 
again restored. 

At the outbreak of this sanguinary strug- 
gle,'-Ensign Cheek happily escaped instant 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 193 

death. He had retired early to his own 
private lodgings, and was therefore absent 
when the attack was made on his brother 
officers. Coming out into the street on 
hearing the tumult, he was struck do^wA 
with a sword, and left, it is supposed, for 
dead. He contrived, however, to. crawl 
away unnoticed and to hide himself in a 
ravine by the Ganges. Here he found 
a stream, the waters of which sustained 
his life fop four days; and, for protection 
from wild; beasts, he managed, although 
badly wounded, to raise himself into a 'tree 
at night. 

On the fifth day of his concealment, 
Marcus was discovered, and dragged before 
the insurgent chief at the Khoosroo's garden, 
where he had established himself. In several 
of the' published accounts of what then oc- 
curred there are slight discrepancies, and 
it is certain that an air of romance has been 
thrown around some of the facts which does 
not properly belong to them. We confine 
ourselves ;:feo authenticated documents, and 
from them construct a simple narrative. 

17 



194 MAiriYES OF THE MUTINY. 

There are tliose living who, in witnessing 
a goo^ confession; must share our sympathy 
with Marcus Cheek. Death may set the 
seal to faith, may enrol in the ''noble army" 
^ove, and confer the palm of eternal victory ; 
but it #oes not constitute the martyr. It is 
the animating spirit that testifies in cou- 
rageous words or patient endurance to the 
truth believed — "the spirit of life because 
of righteousness" — that in trusting the issues 
to God, whether the end come now or is 
delayed a while, is honored of him and secure 
of reward. Prominent in the group of 
Christians who suffered with the young sol- 
dier at Allahabad was Copee Nauth Nundy, 
who met with young Cheek in the dungeon 
to which they were both committed. 

In this duno-eon Avere several other na- 
tive Christians, and an English gentleman, 
with his wife and daughters. The young 
ensign was covered with festered wounds. 
The poor lad's sufferings were severe in the 
extreme: he could neither sit up nor lie 
down, as the others, on the bare ground. Go- 
pco Nauth, touched with compassion, begged 



MART YES OF THE MUTINY. 195 

of the jailer for him a coarse bedstead, and 
gave him water and such food as he could 
prepare, to revive him. And then, as the 
faint eye glistened with momentary life and 
the feeble tongue slowly articulated, he sat 
and listened to him as he told the story of 
his sufferings, or talked of his mother and 
distant friends. But this kindness of Gopee- 
Nauth roused the ire of the jailer, who in- 
sisted on removing him into anoftier place, 
and, on this being resisted, called in soldiers, 
who thrust him out, fastened his feet in the 
stocks, and left him exposed, bare-headed, 
to the blazing sun and heated winds. Sup- 
plied with only a handful of parched grain 
in the middle of the day, and a single hard, 
coarse wheaten cake at night, and a very 
little dirty water, this small band of Chris- 
tian prisoners endured much from hunger 
and thirst. Every few minutes, too, they 
were exposed to the threats of the Maulvi's 
emissaries, who swore to take their lives if 
they did not become Mohammedans. So 
the long days passed, — not all wearily and 
painfully, for 'Hhe salvation of the righteous 



196 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

is of the Lord : he is tlieir strength in the 
time of trouble." 

The third day — Gopee ISFauth's day of doom 
— came and went like the others. On the 
sixth day, however, the Maulvi himself 
appeared. He threatened, he exhorted, but 
alike in vain; and, his patience failing him, 
he departed, disappointed and chagrined, 
denouncing instant and summary vengeance. 
That very day he had himself to flee the 
avenger. Throughout these trying scenes, 
despite his physical helplessness and suffer- 
ing, Marcus Cheek faltered not in his trust. 
Asked by his tormentors to become a Mus- 
sulman, and threatened, like the rest, with 
death if he refused, he answered, ''Any 
thing but resign my faith and hope in my 
Eedeemer." Overhearing the cruel words 
addressed to Gopee Nauth, he called to him, 
" Fadre Sahib ! hold on to your faith : dont 
give it upJ' To Mrs. Coleman, their lady 
companion, he spoke in the same confident 
tone. Almost in his last moments of sensi- 
bility he called her to his side and bade 
her '' Remember to do every thing but that; 



■■'Vv 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 197 

he true to your faith and your hope;'' and 
then she and he were parted ; and we know 
no more. 

Thus for nearly a week Ensign Cheek 
was exposed to the brutal caprice of his 
captors. Nothing could be learned of him for 
several days by those in the fort. On the 
12th of June they heard that he was lying, 
badly wounded, with others, at the Khoos- 
roo's; but they were unable to attempt a 
rescue. On the 17th, however, reinforce- 
ments having arrived, under the gallant 
Neill, the mutineers were attacked and dis- 
persed on every hand. So sudden was their 
flight that they left their prisoners un- 
touched. Some friendly people carried 
Marcus Cheek to the American mission- 
house, on the banks of the Jumna, whence 
Gopee Nauth had fled ; and he was thence 
conveyed in a steamer to the fort. He was 
then in a sad state, — his forehead gashed 
with a sabre-stroke, and his body covered 
with bruises and sores. At intervals he 
appeared slightly sensible, and then again 
his spirit lapsed into slumber under the 

17* 



198 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

shadow of death. That same evening he 
died. His last uttered wish, in a moment of 
seeming consciousness, was, to write to his 
mother. So gentle was he, yet so strong. 
They buried him in the covered way, by 
the river-side. There he has won his rest, 
— life's first great duty, and its last, — done 
nobly. 

In Marcus Cheek the fortitude of the 
young soldier was only equalled by the faith 
of the young Christian. To die thus is to 
enter heaven crowned, and for a brief agony 
to be compensated with immortal felicity. 
His complete triumph in so sudden a trial 
shows how boundless are the resources of 
power and consolation secretly treasured in 
the hearts of those who have made God 
their refuge. They can say, '^ What shall 
separate us from the love of Christ?" for 
they remember the words, " I will never 
leave thee nor forsake thee." 

The horrible treatment of another of the 
native converts is described by the Bev. 
James Kennedy, of the London Missionary 
Society, who visited Allahabad after the 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 199 

mutiny. He first speaks of tlie present 
. aspect of the mission : — 

^' Though we had had disturbances at Be- 
nares, and our full share of anxiety, it was 
on reaching Allahabad that I saw for the 
first time, on a large scale, the desolating 
efifects of the mutiny. I had been frequently 
in that place, and knew it well. It was one of 
the finest stations in Northern India. It was 
for nine days in the hands of the mutineers 
and rebels, who were left unchecked to pursue 
their own course. If they had been demons 
let loose from the pit, they could not have 
pursued with more fury the work of deso- 
lation. Most of the houses, having roofs 
of combustible material, were easily burned 
down; but there were several flat-roofed 
houses, with thick beams and stones laid 
over them, which were not so easily de- 
stroyed. In some cases, resolute and too 
successful efforts were made to destroy even 
these ; but the toil was found too great, and a 
very few houses escaped with the destruction 
of the furniture and fittings of every de- 
scription. Among these were the Station 



200 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

Cliurcli and the principal chapel of the 
American Mission. It was quite melancholy 
to walk over the place, and see house after 
house in ruin, with nothing to be seen but 
pieces of charred wood and tottering walls, 
and then to remember how many who 
occupied those houses had been ruthlessly 
slain ! 

" The native Christians live at two dif- 
ferent parts of Allahabad, separated about 
three miles from each other, with a view 
to the convenience of their respective em- 
ployments. I got a tent erected at one of 
these places, and I visited the other place 
as frequently as possible. I received a cor- 
dial welcome from the native Christians. I 
had much and most pleasing intercourse 
with them, and had most interesting ac- 
counts of their sufferings and perils. Some 
of their children had died from exposure, 
and some of the orphan-girls had been lost. 
No one knew what had become of them. 
Considering the circumstances in which they 
had been placed, the wonder was that the 



MARTYES OP THE MUTINY. 201 

native Christian community had not been 
utterly destroyed. 

:f; H: ^ * ^ * * 

" On Sabbath I preached at the two places 
where the native Christians are located. I 
have seldom had more attentive audiences. 
Their principal place of worship was on that 
day reopened for public worship. Win- 
dows, doorS; sittings, every thing breakable, 
had been destroyed at the time of the 
mutiny. When the native Christians re- 
turned, they thought it preferable to meet 
for a time in one of their own houses for 
worship. When I was there, it was resolved 
to recommence the services in this chapel. 
No window or door had been restored, no 
sittings had been put in ; but the place was 
well cleaned, matting was spread on the 
floor, and the people sat on it. I need not 
say I preached in this sanctuary with very 
peculiar feelings. The people evidently felt 
much, as the reoccupancy of their place of 
worship, looking now so differently from 
what it had done, vividly reminded them 
of the scenes 'through Avhich they had 



202 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

passed since they last assembled in it in 
May, 1857. 

''One man sat before me, listening most 
devoutly to God's word, — a native Christian 
from Futtehpore, in whose narrative I had 
been deeply interested, and from whom I 
could scarcely withdraw my eye as I spoke. 
He had suffered much for the name of 
Christ. He had fled, with others, when the 
mutineers got the upper hand. He fell in 
with some Sepoys, who had seen him at 
Futtehpore, and who recognised him as a 
Christian. They called on him to deny 
Christ, and made large promises; but he 
said he would rather die than deny his 
Lord and Saviour. They, on hearing this, 
hacked him in the most cruel manner 
with their swords, and left him as dead. 
He lay insensible for several hours, and 
then, coming to himself, he crawled to a 
small village in the neighborhood, where 
there were low-caste Hindoos, who pitied 
him and treated him with the utmost kind-- 
ness. His hand had been so cut a little 
above the wrist that it required only a 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 203 

slight pull to take it off. By the advice of 
the poor people among whom he had gone, 
the stump was put into oil, which checked 
the violent hemorrhage. He was concealed, 
tended, and fed for some weeks, till he was 
able to make his way to Allahabad. All 
about his head, neck, and arms there were 
the marks of the fearful gashes, the wounds 
his cruel enemies had inflicted. Owing to 
the want for so long a time of proper medi- 
cal treatment, the stump had not entirely 
healed, and the health of the poor man was 
so affected that I do not think it likely he 
has many days before him on earth. He 
seemed to me a very simple, earnest Chris- 
tian. A few years ago he was a bigoted 
Hindoo. It has been common to say that 
persecution would scatter Hindustanee Chris- 
tians like chaff; but, thanks to the grace of 
God, this is not the only case presented last 
year when Hindustanee Christians were 
found ready not only to suffer, but to die, 
for the sake of the Lord Jesus." 



204 MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

Agra — The Description by the Converted Brahmin, 
Dwarkanath Lahoree — Another — The Profession of 
Christ during the Mutiny by a Brahmin and Mo- 
hammedan Woman — Thakur Das — The Ladies at 
Lucknow, Miss Orr and Miss Jackson — Sealcote and 
the Rev. Mr. Hunter— Death of the Rev. E. H. 
Cockey. 

Who has not heard of Agra and the fear- 
ful scenes which have given to it a terrible 
pre-eminence in the history of the Indian Re- 
bellion ? There it pleased God in his provi- 
dence to let loose the storm of heathen fury 
with unrestrained violence on the innocent 
heads of his own people. The story is thus 
told by Dwarkanath Lahoree, a converted 
Brahmin, and a man of much intelligence, 
in a letter to his pastor, written in English : — 

"Since the outbreak of the 11th of May, 
at Meeroot, to this day, the sufferings and 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 205 

trials of many who bear the blessed name 
of our Lord; whether Europeans, East In- 
dians, or natives, — whether men, women, or 
children, — have been such as passeth all 
description, and would melt the heart of a 
stoic, and draw tears from stones. It would 
require more space and time than I can at 
present spare, a better command over the 
language in which I have to write, and per- 
haps a harder heart, were I to dwell upon 
particulars, and to recount in detail the 
horrid scenes which have been passing here. 
. . . Oh, how many precious lives of Chris- 
tians have fallen victims to the fury of blood- 
thirsty villains ! Neither heroes nor poli- 
ticians, the philanthropic missionaries nor 
civilians, pious and delicate ladies nor lovely 
little ones,- — nay, not even the poor native 
Christians, — have been spared. In short, 
every person known or supposed to be a 
Christian that had the misfortune to fall 
into the hands of these wicked sons of Be- 
lial has been cruelly tortured and butchered. 
Dearly beloved brother Mackay, poor Wala- 
yat Aly, the missionaries at Futteghur and 

18 



206 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

their families, are believed to liave earned 
tlie crown of martyrdom. . . . Oh, your 
heart would no doubt break were you to ob- 
serve the present wretched condition of the 
military and civil lines of even this station. 
Instead of the neat and elegant bungalows, 
surrounded here and there with beautiful 
gardens, buggies and carriages running to 
and fro, and fair faces and cheerful looks 
all around, you will find now heaps of ashes 
and ruined buildings, environed by rank 
vegetation, poisoning the very atmosphere 
with noxious exhalations, and a dreary waste 
where one dare not go during broad day- 
light without a body of armed men to pro- 
tect him. The very house under the roof 
of which we enjoyed so many Saturday 
evenings with you in the edifying and soul- 
refreshing exercises of the family altar, and 
in holy conversation, is a heap of ruins. 
My own self had a very narrow escape. 
Not being allowed by the authorities to 
have a shelter within the walls of the fort, 
I was obliged to remain out, at the risk of 
my life, in my house at Wuzurpore, on the 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 207 

5tli of July, tlie fearful day never to be for- 
gotten. On that date tlie Neemucli and 
other mutineers came as far as Shahgunge, 
about four miles from the city, with the 
intention of attacking us, and had a fight 
there with the European troops stationed 
here. The result of the battle was not 
very satisfactory. Our force was obliged 
to retreat to the fort, and though the muti- 
neers, as appeared afterwards, were also 
obliged to retreat, yet all the bungalows 
were plundered and burned, and the sove- 
reignty of the King of Delhi proclaimed for 
three days in the town. 

'' Oh, what a horrible spectacle did Agra 
present that night! Almost the whole of 
the native population were in arms; about 
four thousand ruffians of the worst charac- 
ter that were confined in the great jail, let 
loose ; the budmashes, known bad characters, 
busy in plundering the unprotected houses 
of Christians; the fanatical and inhuman 
followers of the false prophet, armed to the 
teeth, like so many hungry wild beasts, 
seeking the forlorn and inofi'ensive followers 



208 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

of the Lamb for their prey, and with their 
hideous war-cry, 'Allah! Allah!' breathing 
bloody vengeance against them and those 
who, moved by compassion, would dare shel- 
ter them; the mutilated remains of such 
Christians as fell into their hands exposed 
in the public streets ; the bungalows blazing 
all around, as if to make 'darkness visible,' 
or to show the triumphs of him whose chief 
delight, or rather heart's desire, is to see 
the ruin of immortal souls. In short, all 
the chaotic elements of 'confusion worse 
confounded' were called together to ex- 
hibit a picture most detestable, horrifying, 
and agonizing. I should certainly have 
fallen into the hands of some of these mis- 
creants, had not one pundit, Gopal Sing, an 
influential Hindoo friend and neighbor of 
mine, protected me in his house for some 
time, and then helped me to conceal myself 
in the house of a faithful servant of his, who 
was formerly a chuprasse under me. I was 
obliged to remain three days and three 
nights in a dirty hut, where he used to keep 
a pair of bullocks and boosa. On the fourth 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 209 

day I succeeded in finding my way to tlie 
fort, where I have been quite comfortable 
and safe up to this day. Of course, as a 
poor native Christian, not yet sufficiently 
Anglicized, or rather civilized, by a change 
of dress and name, I had my share of an- 
noyance and insults ; but God be praised for 
his manifold mercies, the least of which I do 
not deserve. How grateful should we be 
to the Lord of Hosts for the many signal 
deliverances vouchsafed and the measure of 
strength given us during such times of 
trouble! As a loving Father, he chastises 
us in judgment and not in anger, and is ever 
ready to help us whenever we call on him 
in faith and with an humble dependence on 
his mercies. May it ever be our wisdom to 
look up to him, and not to sink under the 
burden of sin or trial!" 

Surely, after this letter of Dwarkanath 
Lahoree, and the many like- testimonies, we 
need not say that the gospel has not been a 
failure in India. 

Another Hindoo Christian at Agra wrote 
the following letter, shortly after the first 

IS* 



210 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

alarm in that place; and no one can help 
noting the manner in which he refers to two 
unhappy men who wavered in the faith and 
denied their Christianity : — 

" The Lord, in his great mercy, has saved 
us all until now ; but the Mussulmans are 
only waiting for an opportunity to cut us 
up. Last Sunday we had no divine ser- 
vice: we were anxiously waiting for Mr. F., 
who was to administer the Lord's Supper 
to us ; but, instead of him, news came, ' No 
service. Fly for your lives: guard and save 
yourselves.' We then took refuge in the 
Press. For three days we had no work. 
During the day we went to our houses ; but 
at night we stayed with our families at the 
Press. Mr. Longden having procured arms 
for us from the magazine, we have armed 
ourselves, and kept a regular guard over 
the place. Horrible rumors sometimes quite 
discourage us ; but our hope is in the Lord ; 
and when we take up our Bibles and read 
in them, — especially in the Psalms, — we find 
great consolation and rest for our alarmed 
minds. The Mussulmans tell us the jiliad 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 211 

(religious war) is now commenced: they 
are gnashing their teeth at the Christians, 
wishing to abolish Christianity from the 
face of India. Some of them said, in our 
presence, 'We shall hang your padres first, 
and then kill you all.' But they cannot do 
this. The Roman emperors wished the same, 
and they persecuted the Christians of the 
first century very much; but they never 
gained their object : much less will the Mo- 
hammedans now. Christianity, being the 
only true religion, has its roots firm, and 
the enemies dare not pluck them up. Kind 
father, do not forget your flock before the 
throne of grace. Never take rest until the 
enemies are put to shame and confusion. 
Do what Moses did when the Israelites were 
fighting with the Amalekites : — ^lift up your 
hands for us. 

''Two persons who have escaped from 
Delhi, Eustam's son-in-law and an East- 
Indian Christian, are now with us ; but the 
latter only came away on the denial of his 
faith. Oh, unhappy man! He has saved 
his body, but destroyed his soul. Christ 



212 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

says, 'Whosoever shall deny me before men, 
him will I deny before my Father and the 
holy angels.' The present trial has, if I am 
not mistaken, proved the faith of your flock. 
We are ready, if necessary, to give up our 
souls for our Lord. Oh, may he grant us 
mercy, that we may live for him and die for 
him!" 

One of the most interesting occurrences 
in the history of the whole mutiny is that 
related by the same faithful man, of a Hin- 
doo Brahmin and Mohammedan woman, who, 
in the very midst of the dangerous scenes 
which were passing around them, and while 
the oldest servants of Christ were being 
'Hried in the furnace of affliction" and per- 
secution, came forward and boldly avowed 
themselves to be Christians, seeking to be 
admitted to the visible Church of God. Few 
would select such an hour and such a place 
for the avowal of their change; but a mys- 
terious Providence seems to have made the 
very horrors which surrounded them their 
chief incitements to the hazardous though 
noble step. 



MABTYES OF THE MUTINY. ' 213 

''In the midst of these present disturb- 
ances," (says this Hindoo writer,) '' when 
our prospect for the future is beset with dark 
clouds, it is refreshing to see a ray of light, 
if ever so small. Thus, I had the pleasure 
to instruct and prepare two persons for holy 
baptism, — a Hindoo man and a Mohammedan 
woman. The latter was baptized on the 
12tli of August. She has been acquainted 
with the way of salvation and Christian 
people for some time, and quite convinced 
in her mind that she can only be saved by 
faith in Him who came into this world to 
save sinners; but, for some cause, she had 
deferred to make a confession and to receive 
baptism. The present calamities, however, 
in the country, showing the uncertainty of 
human life and all the things of this world, 
roused her to a sense of her duty with re- 
gard to her immortal soul; and she at once 
made up her mind to enter into the sheep- 
fold of Christ ere it be too late. She ap- 
pears to be quite sincere, and I trust will 
conduct herself worthy her calling. 

''The man is a young Brahmin, about 



214 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

twenty-four years old. He became ac- 
quainted with Christianity a year or two 
ago, when at Jullandhur in the service of a 
Christian officer. He had read a good deal 
of the New Testament before he came to me, 
and has now gone through a regular course 
of instruction in the chief truths of our holy 
religion. As he appeared sincere, and anx- 
ious to make a confession of his faith in 
Christ his Saviour, I baptized him on the 
6th instant. May the Lord give him strength 
and grace to walk as a faithful disciple and 
soldier of Christ, fighting manfully under 
the banner of the cross against Satan, the 
world, and the flesh, and may ere long 
many more of his benighted countrymen 
imitate his example ! And I confidently hope 
the present crisis will tend towards breaking 
down the bulwarks of the prince of dark- 
ness and building up the temple of Christ." 
Agra presented a witness for the truth 
in one of the native preachers, Thakur Das, 
who was seized and carried off by the rebels, 
by whom he was urged to renounce the re- 
ligion of Christ. He was enabled to remain 



MAETYRS OF THE MUTINY. 215 

faithful amidst the greatest peril; for his 
persecutors were about to kill him, and 
would have fulfilled their determination but 
for the defeat of the 10th of October, when 
Thakur Das made his escape to Agra. This 
good man has since had the pleasure of 
resuming his work, visiting the numerous 
villages around Chitaura, where he has been 
received with cordial welcome and allowed 
to fulfil his sacred task without opposition. 

TWO ENGLISH LADIES. 

During the siege of Lucknow, two Eng- 
lish ladies experienced in a remarkable 
manner the power of the divine word to 
yield support to those who are enabled to 
lean on its promises in the hour of trial. 
The interesting narrative may already have 
met the eye of the reader; but it is too 
closely related to our subject not to find a 
place in these pages. If the ladies of whom 
we have to speak were not called upon, like 
the Indian martyrs and confessors, to wit- 
ness for Christ in the presence of their 
heathen persecutors, they have given to the 



216 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

whole world their testimony to the power 
of the '^ exceeding great and precious pro- 
mises" to raise the believing heart above 
the fear of '^ man that shall die, and the son 
of man that shall be made as grass." Their 
tale is thus narrated by one of the ''cor- 
respondents" of the English press: — 

'' I was introduced to Mrs. Orr and Miss 
Jackson, of whose preservation I wrote you 
an . account in a former letter. They are 
comfortably lodged in a house near Banks's 
bungalow; but they evince in countenance 
and a painful air of suffering the effects of 
their long captivity. Their lives were 
spared, indeed ; but they were watched night 
and day by armed guards, who did not 
hesitate to use gross and insulting language 
towards them, and whose constant delight it 
was to tell them of the outrages and massa- 
cres which were taking place all over India 
during the time of our troubles. Their lives 
were preserved by the fidelity of the Daro- 
gah, or by his desire to secure his personal 
safety in case the British became masters 
of the city. Day after day, before they were 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 217 

concealed in his Louse, they lived in ex- 
pectation of death. In the midst of their 
captivity there was one source of consolation 
shut to them. They had neither Bible nor 
Prayer-Book, and they felt the want exceed- 
ingly, but they could not remedy it; for any 
attempt to procure a religious book would 
not only have been unsuccessful, but would 
have increased the severities of their jail- 
ers. Meantime, a little child, a Miss Chris- 
tian, fell sick, and for several days they in 
vain sought assistance for her. At length, 
in a mood of contemptuous pity, the natives 
obtained the service of a native doctor for 
the dying child ; and this man sent some vile 
potion or other wrapped up in a piece of 
paper torn from the first book he could lay 
his hands on, being the Bible that had been 
taken from them. For a moment or two 
the printing on this fragment escaped atten- 
tion; but as Mrs. Orr, now drawing it from 
her bosom, placed it before us with an air 
of gratitude and reverence, I could well 
understand how it was that the words thus 
conveyed to them seemed to them promises 

19 



218 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

from heaven, and bade them hope, and fear 
no more. Of the fragment thus conveyed 
to our countrywomen I have procured an 
exact transcript, which I send herewith. It 
may be imagined how these words of com- 
fort and assurance lighted up the prison, — a 
handwriting on the wall in characters of 
fire, to illuminate the gloom of their dun- 
geon : — 

" ' I, even I, am He that comforteth you. 
Who art thou, that thou shouldst be afraid 
of a man that shall die, and of the son of 
man that shall be made as grass? 

'^ 'And forgettest the Lord thy Maker, 
that had stretched forth the heavens and 
laid the foundation of the earth; and had 
feared continually every day, because of the 
fury of the oppressor. 

'^ 'The captive exile hasteneth that he 
may be loosed, and that he should not die 
in the pit.' 

'' These words were accepted by our fel- 
low-countrywomen as promises from heaven; 
and from that time they hoped on, till they 
were rescued from the midst of the enemy." 



MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 219 

SEALCOTE. 

Sealcote, in the Punjaub^ lias gained for 
itself a name like Pergamos, in the Lesser 
Asia, "wherein," the Saviour says, '^An- 
tipas, my faithful martyr, was slain among 
you, where Satan dwelleth." The Church 
of Scotland thus laments the fall of the Eev. 
P. Hunter, who, with his wife and child, 
perished under the hands of the assassins. 
The brief missionary course of Mr. Hunter 
is thus described by his friends : — 

"Although met at the outset by 'nume- 
rous difficulties and discouragements,' these 
were not by any means formidable; and on 
the 28th of February Mr. Hunter wrote in 
cheering terms of the prospects of the mis- 
sion. In his next letter to the committee, 
dated June 9, he said, ' Two months ago 
the country seemed profoundly tranquil, and 
bright schemes for the future were formed, 
not only by statesmen, but also by mission- 
aries. . . . How these are doomed to dis- 
appointment is now apparent.' He adds, 'I 
forbear laying before you our positive dan- 
ger, — about fifty Europeans to defend us 



220 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

against more ttian twelve hundred Sepoys. 
We have not followed the example of al- 
most every one and taken refuge in the fort 
of Lahore.' 

" No future communication from Mr. 
Hunter ever reached the committee; but 
from an interesting paper drawn up by his 
brother, who had also been a missionary in 
India, it appears that he wrote again, on the 
12th of June, that then only eight ladies 
remained at Sealcote, but that still Mrs. 
Hunter held out, not believing that they 
ought to go. When an assault on Delhi 
could not be attempted, from the limited 
number of the troops, and reinforcements 
were consequently sought from the Pun- 
jaub, ' it was felt,' as the narrative records, 
' that they could not be granted unless most 
of the remaining Sepoy regiments through- 
out the province were first disarmed.' The 
native troops at Jhelum resisted; and when, 
having been overcome, they were forced to 
flee, many of them rushed to Sealcote, ' bent 
on exciting a mutiny there.' 

" 'When Mr. Hunter heard of the san- 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 221 

guinary contest at Jhelum, lie felt, at last; 
that it was his duty to seek a place of safety, 
and, abandoning the mission-house on the 
8th of July, went with his family to a bun- 
galow some distance from the cantonment 
on • the road to the fort of Lahore, where, 
unhappily, he was persuaded to stay till 
morning. At midnight things looked threat- 
ening, and Mr. Hunter resolved to go, and 
again departed from the resolution. Once 
again he thought of instant flight, but once 
more he lingered. Before daybreak of the 
9th the mutiny had begun. When the 
Hunters heard the firing they had their car- 
riage made ready, and fled away from the 
doomed station, till, meeting, it is believed, 
Sepoy guards who had been posted by the 
mutineers to intercept and murder all fugi- 
tives, they were compelled to return and 
make for the fort of Sealcote. As they were 
passing the jail, around which many of the 
mutinous cavalry were congregated with 
the view of releasing the prisoners, Mr. 
Hunter was suddenly shot • dead, a pistol 
having been held so close to his head as to 

19* 



222 MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 

scorcli liis face with tlie powder. The same 
ball passed through the neck of Mrs. Hun- 
tei and wounded her, though it is believed 
not mortally. On this a Mussulman jail- 
keeper rushed on her with a sword or 
bayonet and killed both her and the child. 
The three bodies were found next day about 
a mile from the fort, the corpse of Mrs. 
Hunter still holding with a death-grasp the 
murdered baby.' Doubtless they died in 
the faith and hope of being forever with the 
Lord." 

We cannot close these memorials of Chris- 
tians slain in the Indian Eevolt without 
adding one more to those already given. 

The Eev. E. H. Cockey was born at Fut- 
teghur, about 1822, and, after studying 
for three years at Bishop's College, was 
appointed catechist in the Hindostani Mis- 
sion in Calcutta in 1851. He went to 
Cawnpore in 1855, and was ordained at Agra 
by the Bishop of Madras in 1856. He was 
slain at Cawnpore. He is the ''padre" in the 
terrible scene go faithfully depicted by the 
hand of a native eye-witness of the massacre 



MAKTYES OF THE MUTINY. 223 

at Cawnpore, who tells us that, "just as the 
Sepoys were going to fire, the padre (chap- 
lain) called out to the Nana (Nena Sahib) and 
requested leave to read prayers before they 
died. The Nana granted it. The padre's 
bonds were unloosed so far as to enable him 
to take a small book out of his pocket, from 
which he read; but all this time one of the 
Sahib people (the English), who was shot 
in the arm and in the leg, kept crying out 
to the Sepoys, ^If you mean to kill us, why 
don't you see about it quickly and get the 
work done? — why delay?' After the padre 
had read a few prayers he shut the book, 
and the Sahib people shook hands all round. 
Then the Sepoys fired. One Sahib rolled 
one way, one another, as they sat; but they 
were not dead, only wounded : so they went 
in and finished them off with swords." 

Although Cawnpore has acquired a fear- 
ful celebrity in the Indian tragedy, having 
been the scene of the slaughter of nearly a 
thousand sufferers, it could not, from the 
manner in which this cruelty was exercised, 
acquire equal distinction as the field of mar- 



224 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

tyrdom. The victims were not tested as to 
their faith and promised life as the reward 
of apostasy: they were murdered because 
they were natives of England, or the volun- 
tary subjects of British rule, and professors 
of the religion of Jesus Christ. There were 
found in the den in which they were slaugh- 
tered fragments of the Sacred Scriptures and 
pious books, which encourage the belief that 
many of them, in the anticipation of their 
dreadful doom, sought support and consola- 
tion from the true and unfailing source, 
"the fountain of living waters." But it was 
not permitted to them to take their place in 
the honored ranks of those who died or were 
willing to die for the defence of the gospel. 
How many of them have died in the Lord, 
having previously furnished proof that they 
were the true followers of Christ, or having, 
in the apprehension of destruction, sought 
for the salvation of the soul, we have not 
the means of telling. 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 225 



CONCLUSION. 

As we read of these additions to the noble 
army of martyrs and confessors, we are, it 
may be, led to inquire whether we should 
be steadfast if we had to pass through similar 
scenes of trial. If we had to perish amidst 
the most cruel tortures our enemies could 
invent, or deny the Lord Jesus Christ, should 
we follow the miserable example of some 
who bore the name of Christian? Should 
we repeat the Mohammedan creed, the 
kulma, or do pooja (worship) before a 
miserable idol? or should we say, with 
Walayat AH, ^'I am resolved to live and die 
a Christian" ? 

These are questions which it would be 
well for us to ask ourselves with all earnest- 
ness, — although it would be scarcely possible 
that we could give to them a true reply. 
Our present feeling will furnish no infallible 



226 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

test of our future fidelity. Those wlio are 
now apprehensive oi failure in the trying 
hour might realize the promise, ''As thy 
days, so shall thy strength be;" and some 
who are ready, with the too-confident Peter, 
to say, " Though all men should forsake thee, 
yet will not I," might in the time of trial deny 
that they ever knew the Saviour. Some of 
those thus put to the test who were most 
timid and apprehensive in the prospect of 
the fiery trial found themselves endowed 
with the utmost courage when the execu- 
tioners went to lead them to the stake; 
while others, who spoke too confidently of 
their anticipated triumphs, were near falling 
away through the bitter pain of the martyr's 
death. 

It were better that we should ask whether 
we are now faithful to Christ in doing what- 
soever our hand findeth to do. If we are 
faithful in the post in which we are placed, 
whether lowly or exalted, — if we are occupy- 
ing with the one or the ten talents, — if we 
have discovered the special work for which 
the gifts of nature and grace have fitted us, — 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 227 

if we are faithfully following our " own line 
of things," — we need not apprehend that we 
should be left without power to fulfil the 
duties or endure the sufferings that might 
await us in the future. It is the same 
divine principle that urges the Christian 
forward to his daily pilgrimage along his 
upward path to heaven, that sustains the 
laborious missionary in his studies, his 
preachings, and his disputations with the 
heathen, that strengthens the spirit of the 
pious youth when he is ridiculed and taunted 
by his ungodly fellows in the warehouse, that 
comforts the Christian widow in her poverty, 
and gives triumph to ^' the blessed martyr" 
at the stake. Can we endure that degree 
of annoyance, or privation, or contempt, and 
resistance, that may be incident to a Chris- 
tian profession in the circumstances in which 
we* are now placed? Or do we lay aside our 
Christian profession in the railway-car, in 
the mixed company, in the haunts of com- 
merce, to resume it only among those whom 
we know to be pious and devoted to Christ ? 
These are questions worth the asking ; for 



228 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

tliey admit of a correct reply. If we are 
not faithful in that which is least, how shall 
we be in that which is greatest? If we 
have not strength enough to carry a little 
cross, how shall we be able to bear the 
heavy load that has weighed many to the 
ground ? Many who, when at home, called 
themselves Christians, denied the faith as 
soon as they found it involved them in 
affliction; and we may fear that, like them, 
we should fall in the trying hour if we do 
not now, openly and everywhere, humbly, 
not ostentatiously, take our place on the 
Lord's side. 

•'Array thee from God's armory of light, 
In which Clnist's feeblest soldier stands secure; 
Or, rather, his eternal arm invoke, 
To endue thee with that panoply of grace 
By which they vanquish'd, — midst thy fears and sloth, 
Alas! still incomplete nor well 'put on.'" 

We ought not to read these narratives 
without being stimulated to the performance 
of the duties of which they are calculated to 
remind us. 

When we see the Hindoos and Moham- 



MAETYBS OF THE MUTINY. 229 

medans falling at the feet of the Messiah 
and presenting to him their bodies as a 
living sacrifice, ought we not the more care- 
fully to inquire whether we are also his dis- 
ciples ? The word of God has gone out from 
us to India: have we participated in its 
blessings and experienced its power to 
illuminate the understanding and convert 
the heart? We have seen faithful mis- 
sionaries proclaiming the Great Prophet; 
like unto Moses, to the Mussulmans, and 
not in vain; for they have put aside the 
kulma, and, instead of crying, ''There is one 
God, and Mohammed is hi;^ prophet," they 
have acknowledged Christ to the glory of the 
Father. We have seen the Hindoo turn 
away from his idols and draw nigh to the 
true God, in the true and living way, having 
his heart sprinkled by the blood of Christ 
and purified in the laver of regeneration. 
Have I also bowed at the pierced feet of 
Jesus ? Have I cried to him, as Thomas did, 
'' My Lord, and my God" ? Have I yielded 
to the great command ^'that all men should 
honor the Son, even as they honor the Fa- 

20 



230 MAETYES OF THE MUTINY. 

ther" ? Have I recognised the autliority 
that says, in reference to the Messiah, 
''Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye 
perish from the way, when his wrath is 
kindled but a little. Blessed are all they 
that put their trust in him"? 

These are questions with which each of 
us should catechize himself with the utmost 
sincerity, lest our unbelief, contrasted with 
the faith of the new converts to whom we 
are sending the gospel, should furnish an 
affecting comment on the faithful warning 
of Christ to the Jews: — ^' Many shall come 
from the east and west, and shall sit down 
with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the 
kino:dom of heaven. But the children of 
the kingdom shall be cast out into outer 
darkness : there shall be weeping and gnash- 
ing of teeth." 

You are perhaps convinced, by the facts 
presented to you, that the Scriptures and 
the preaching of the gospel have produced 
in India effects which have never been pro- 
duced in you amidst all your religious pri- 
vileges, and you may suspect that the cause 



MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 231 

of failure is to be found in yourself; and it 
will be well if this suspicion lead you to the 
discovery that you have to blame yourself 
for your own unbelief. 

The converts in India who honored the 
Lord Jesus in their lives and by their heroic 
deaths have given to his gospel an amount 
of earnest attention which it has never re- 
ceived from, you. They have contrasted its 
sublime truths with the absurdities of their 
superstition ; they have seen the difference 
between its holy commandments and the 
vile practices allowed and enjoined in their 
religion; they have rejoiced in the messages 
of mercy, of which they felt their great 
need; they have been overwhelmed with 
the display of infinite mercy; they have 
perceived in the divine arrangements an- 
nounced to them the blessing adapted to 
the wants of their moral nature; they 
have rejoiced to hear that there is a Holy 
Ghost, that he is given because Christ is 
glorified ; and with all earnestness they have 
sought, and with all joy they have received, 
the great salvation. With you, Christianity, 



232 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

witli all its teacliings and privileges, lias been 
a tiling of course, and has awakened no more 
serious attention tlian tlie sublime scenery 
tbat lias surrounded tlie Alpine peasant from 
the moment of liis birth, but to the sense 
of whose beauties his mind has never 
wakened up. The beautiful in form and color 
exists around us in vain, until the love of 
the beautiful is enkindled within; and the 
true is proclaimed to us and read by us in 
vain, if there be no corresponding love of 
the truth in the heart. Divine truths will 
not fail to affect the heart they shine upon, 
as the polished mirror will reflect the forms 
and colors before which it is placed. You 
still have the mirror of your heart veiled, 
it may be, with worldly indifference to the 
gospel, with unbelief or formality; but let 
the veil be drawn aside and your heart 
turned to the truth, and your soul will re- 
flect as from a glass the glory of the Lord. 

And, now, is there not a voice crying from 
the ground where these confessors stood and 
these martyrs fell, — a still, small, but pene- 
trating voice, loud enough to reach the 



MARTYES OF THE MUTINY. 233 

Christian's ear and vibrate on his heart? 
Man! woman! child of God! the voice of 
thy martyred brother crieth to thee from 
the ground. Let its cry be heard. It tells 
of those who have been faithful unto death 
and have seized the palm of victory ; and it 
summons thee to thy share in the work of 
the Lord. If false Christians doubt the vic- 
torious power of the gospel, we point to 
these true believers, who were living ''epis- 
tles of Christ" and who honored him even 
more by their death than by their lives. 
The duty assigned to us in the great moral 
conflict is very humble, and may be ren- 
dered without danger and personal suffering. 
We have to pray the Lord of the harvest 
to thrust out more laborers, and to act in a 
manner that will not condemn our prayers 
as hypocritical. If we aspire to a fellow- 
ship with those who have died for Christ, 
we must remember the sacrifices they have 
made, and emulate their fidelity by the sur- 
render of luxury, and, it may be, of ease and 
comfort, for the great cause in which they 
were willing to die. 

20* 



234 MARTYRS OF THE MUTINY. 

Oh, may the blessed work go on until 
"that day" when "a man shall cast his idols 
of silvei^, and his idols of gold, wdiicli they 
have made each one for himself to worship, 
to the moles and to the bats," — until the 
universal reio-n of the Prince of Peace, when 
''the wolf and the lamb shall feed toe-ether, 
and the lion shall eat straw like the bul- 
lock, and dust shall be the serpent's meat," 
— until the heavens resound with the blessed 
tidin2:s that ''the kins-doms of this Avorld 
have become the kingdoms of our Lord and 
of his Christ;" — until 

•'One song employs all nations; and all cry, 
'Worthy the Lamb, for he was slain for us I' 
The dwellers in the vules and on the rocks 
Shout to each other, and the mountain-tops 
From distant mountains catch the flying joy; 
Till, nation after nation taught the strain. 
Earth rolls the rapturous hosanna round." 



THE END. 



D 



'Ta-^, 2S 1861. 

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